19 June May 2001
Source: Digital file from the Court Reporters Office, Southern District of New York; (212) 805-0300.

This is the transcript of Day 65 of the trial, June 19, 2001.

The Court Reporter said the entire record was sealed for Day 64, June 18, 2001.

See other transcripts: http://cryptome.org/usa-v-ubl-dt.htm

                                                                    7418

       1   UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
           SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
       2   ------------------------------x

       3   UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

       4              v.                           S(7) 98 Cr. 1023

       5   USAMA BIN LADEN, et al.,

       6                  Defendants.

       7   ------------------------------x

       8
                                                   New York, N.Y.
       9                                           June 19, 2001
                                                   9:30 a.m.
      10

      11

      12   Before:

      13                       HON. LEONARD B. SAND,

      14                                           District Judge

      15                            APPEARANCES

      16   MARY JO WHITE
                United States Attorney for the
      17        Southern District of New York
           BY:  PATRICK FITZGERALD
      18        MICHAEL GARCIA
                Assistant United States Attorneys
      19

      20
           DAVID RUHNKE
      21   DAVID STERN
                Attorneys for defendant Khalfan Khamis Mohamed
      22

      23   Swahili Interpreter:
           Beston Mwakaling
      24

      25

                                                                    7437

       1            (Pages 7419 through 7436 filed under seal)

       2            (In open court; jury present)

       3            THE COURT:  Good morning.

       4            THE JURY:  Good morning.

       5            THE COURT:  Welcome back to the alternates.

       6            As you know, the penalty phase concerning the

       7   defendant Khalfan Khamis Mohamed is about to begin.  Your

       8   prior verdicts regarding the guilt phase of the trial and the

       9   penalty phase concerning the defendant Mohamed Al-'Owhali are

      10   final and they are not to be revisited by any juror or by any

      11   alternate.

      12            Because you have not heard the evidence and the

      13   arguments of the government in favor of the death penalty and

      14   the evidence and arguments on behalf of K.K. Mohamed in favor

      15   of a life sentence, it is critical to the integrity of this

      16   process that you have not prejudged the question.

      17            I ask that you give to the evidence that will be

      18   presented during what is estimated to be the next two weeks

      19   the same care and conscientious attention that you have

      20   heretofore displayed during these proceedings.  You are to

      21   listen with a fair and open mind to the presentation of the

      22   parties so that after you have evaluated all of the evidence

      23   and shared your views with your fellow jurors during your

      24   deliberations, you can determine whether, based on the

      25   evidence and your judgment, to vote either in favor of the

                                                                    7438

       1   imposition of the death penalty or life without possibility of

       2   release.

       3            Is there any juror who is unable to do that?  If

       4   there is, it is important that the Court know.  And if you are

       5   unable to listen to the evidence, to consider and weigh the

       6   evidence and, based on your evaluation of that evidence, to

       7   vote either in favor of the death penalty or in favor of life

       8   without possibility of release, then we should know that.

       9            Moving, then, on to some other matters.  During the

      10   guilt phase of this trial, you unanimously found the defendant

      11   K.K. Mohamed guilty of the following counts contained in the

      12   indictment:  One count of destruction of property of the

      13   United States resulting in death, as charged in Count Six; one

      14   count of use of a weapon of mass destruction against a

      15   national of the United States resulting in death, as charged

      16   in Count Eight; 11 counts of murder in the course of an attack

      17   on a federal facility involving the use of a dangerous weapon,

      18   as charged in Counts 222 to 232; two counts of murder of

      19   officers and employees of the United States, on account of

      20   their duties, as charged in Counts 275 and 276; and one count

      21   of murder of an internationally protected person, as charged

      22   in Count 281.  These are all capital counts, by which I mean

      23   that the death penalty is possible punishment for these

      24   offenses.

      25            You must now consider, separately with regard to each

                                                                    7439

       1   of these counts, whether imposition of a sentence of death is

       2   appropriate or whether Mr. Mohamed should be sentenced to life

       3   imprisonment without the possibility of release.

       4            Before I proceed, let me explain to you that these

       5   instructions are very similar to those you have heard

       6   before -- although they were abbreviated as much as possible

       7   because you already heard the other instructions.  And the

       8   reason why they are very similar is because the process we are

       9   undertaking is in most respects the same as the one you

      10   completed last Tuesday.  However, I cannot caution you enough

      11   that the penalty phase for Mr. Mohamed is a separate and

      12   independent proceeding, because issues relating to Mr. Mohamed

      13   are sufficiently distinct from those relating to

      14   Mr. al-'Owhali to warrant a separate penalty hearing.  The

      15   very reason why we have separate penalty hearings is because

      16   of those differences.  Your judgment as to the appropriate

      17   sentence for Khalfan Khamis Mohamed must be determined

      18   separately with respect to him, and must be based solely on

      19   the information presented during, one, this penalty phase;

      20   two, the guilt phase, but not including any evidence that was

      21   introduced solely against another defendant; and, three, the

      22   Al-'Owhali penalty phase, but only to the extent that either

      23   party explicitly offers information presented in the

      24   Al-'Owhali penalty phase and the Court receives it.

      25            Now, as I instructed you at the start of the last

                                                                    7440

       1   penalty phase, for defendant Mr. Mohamed's situation, Congress

       2   has channeled your discretion by requiring that certain

       3   findings be made before the death penalty is even considered.

       4   Remember, you may consider a sentence of death for Mr. Mohamed

       5   on a particular capital count if, but only if, you unanimously

       6   find that the government has proven beyond a reasonable doubt

       7   the existence of at least one gateway factor and at least one

       8   statutory aggravating factor as to that count.

       9            I am going to read the government's allegations with

      10   respect to gateway factors, statutory and non-statutory

      11   factors, and they will seem very familiar to you because

      12   indeed they are the same with respect to K.K. Mohamed as they

      13   were with respect to Al-'Owhali.

      14            The four gateway factors alleged by the government

      15   are:

      16            1.  That the defendant intentionally killed the

      17   victim or victims of the particular capital offense charged in

      18   the respective count of the indictment; or

      19            2.  That the defendant intentionally inflicted

      20   serious bodily injury that resulted in the death of the victim

      21   or victims of the particular capital offense charged in the

      22   respective count of the indictment, or

      23            3.  That the defendant intentionally participated in

      24   an act, contemplating that the life of a person would be taken

      25   or intending that lethal force would be used in connection

                                                                    7441

       1   with a person, other than one of the participants in the

       2   offense, and the victim or victims of the particular capital

       3   offense charged in the respective count of the indictment died

       4   as a direct result of the act; or

       5            4.  That the defendant intentionally and specifically

       6   engaged in an act of violence, knowing that the act created a

       7   grave risk of death to a person, other than one of the

       8   participants in the offense, such that participation in the

       9   act constituted a reckless disregard for human life and the

      10   victim or victims of the particular capital offense charged in

      11   the respective count of the indictment died as a direct result

      12   of the act.

      13            The statutory aggravating factors alleged by the

      14   government with respect to each of the capital counts are:

      15            1.  The deaths and injuries resulting in death

      16   occurred during the commission of other crimes, namely,

      17   certain offenses listed under Title 18 of the United States

      18   Code, which I will identify for you in the instructions prior

      19   to your deliberations.

      20            2.  The defendant, in the commission of the offense,

      21   knowingly created a grave risk of death to one or more persons

      22   in addition to the victims of the offense.

      23            3.  The defendant committed the offense after

      24   substantial planning and premeditation to cause the death of

      25   one or more persons or to permit an act of terrorism.

                                                                    7442

       1            4.  The defendant intentionally killed or attempted

       2   to kill more than one person in a single episode.

       3            As I instructed you at the outset of the last penalty

       4   phase, if, after fair and impartial consideration of all the

       5   evidence in this case, you unanimously find that the

       6   government has proven beyond a reasonable doubt at least one

       7   gateway factor and at least one statutory aggravating factor

       8   with regard to a particular capital count, you will then

       9   consider whether you unanimously find that the government has

      10   proven beyond a reasonable doubt the existence of any

      11   non-statutory aggravating factors specifically identified by

      12   the government for consideration in this case.

      13            And the government alleges the following

      14   non-statutory aggravating factors with regard to each of the

      15   capital counts:

      16            1.  The defendant poses a continuing and serious

      17   threat to the lives and safety of others with whom he will

      18   come in contact.

      19            2.  As demonstrated by the deceased victims' personal

      20   characteristics as individual human beings and the impact of

      21   the deaths upon the deceased victims' families, the defendant

      22   caused injury, harm, and loss to those victims and their

      23   families, and the defendant caused serious physical and

      24   emotional injury and grievous economic hardship to numerous

      25   individuals who survived the bombing.

                                                                    7443

       1            3.  That the victims and intended victims included

       2   high-ranking public officials of the United States serving

       3   abroad and the offense was motivated by such status.

       4            During the balancing stage of your analysis, in

       5   addition to the existence of any non-statutory aggravating

       6   factors, you must determine whether any of you find that

       7   Mr. Mohamed has established the existence of any mitigating

       8   factors by a preponderance of the evidence.  Any one of you

       9   may, individually, find the existence of a mitigating factor,

      10   regardless of the number of other jurors who may agree, and

      11   any juror who so finds may weigh that factor in making up his

      12   or her mind whether or not to vote for a death sentence.

      13            The defendant K.K. Mohamed alleges the following

      14   mitigating factors:

      15            1.  Khalfan Mohamed's role in the offense and

      16   relative culpability is as set forth below:

      17            A.  Khalfan Mohamed was not a leader or organizer of

      18   the conspiracy which led to the bombing of the Dar es Salaam

      19   embassy.

      20            B.  Although Khalfan Mohamed is guilty of the

      21   murders, his participation was relatively minor.

      22            C.  Khalfan Mohamed was recruited by others as

      23   someone who was an expendable member of the conspiracy.

      24            Mitigating factor alleged by Khalfan Mohamed number 2

      25   is that others equally or more culpable in the murders will

                                                                    7444

       1   not be sentenced to death.

       2            3.  Khalfan Mohamed's postarrest statement (A) was

       3   complete and truthful, (B) demonstrated acceptance of

       4   responsibility, (C) provided the interviewing agents with

       5   valuable information.

       6            4.  If Khalfan Mohamed is not sentenced to death, he

       7   will spend the rest of his life in a United States prison

       8   without any possibility of release.

       9            5.  Khalfan Mohamed has no prior history of criminal

      10   behavior.

      11            6.  If he is executed, Khalfan Mohamed will cause his

      12   family to suffer grief and loss.

      13            7.  Khalfan Mohamed is remorseful for the deaths,

      14   injuries and other consequences of the bombing of the embassy

      15   and would not participate in such a crime in the future.

      16            8.  Khalfan Mohamed acted out of sincere religious

      17   belief.

      18            9.  At the time of the offense, Khalfan Mohamed was

      19   25 years old.

      20            10.  If Khalfan Mohamed is executed, he will be seen

      21   as a martyr and his death may be exploited by others to

      22   justify future terrorist attacks.

      23            11.  As a matter of South African law, Khalfan

      24   Mohamed should not have been released to American officials

      25   without assurances that he would not face the death penalty in

                                                                    7445

       1   the United States.

       2            12.  Based on Khalfan Mohamed's personal

       3   characteristics as an individual human being, which include

       4   the following, he should be sentenced to spend the rest of his

       5   life in the United States prison:

       6            A.  Khalfan Mohamed has exhibited responsible conduct

       7   in other areas of his life.

       8            B.  Khalfan Mohamed has shown himself to be a person

       9   capable of kindness, friendship and generosity.

      10            C.  Khalfan Mohamed lost his father at an early age

      11   and worked to help his family, which struggled financially

      12   after the death of the major breadwinner.

      13            Remember, during the balancing stage, each of you

      14   must individually weigh the aggravating factor or factors

      15   (statutory or non-statutory) that all 12 jurors have

      16   unanimously and beyond a reasonable doubt found to exist

      17   against any mitigating factor or factors that you individually

      18   or with other jurors have by a preponderance of the evidence

      19   found to exist to determine if death or life imprisonment

      20   without the possibility of release is the appropriate

      21   punishment.

      22            Let me remind you that the weighing and balancing

      23   process is a unique and individual one wherein members of the

      24   jury are called to make an individualized judgment about the

      25   appropriateness of sentencing another human being.  This is

                                                                    7446

       1   not a mechanical process; what is called for in weighing the

       2   various factors is not arithmetic, but each individual juror's

       3   careful, considered and mature judgment.

       4            As before, I will repeat and elaborate on these

       5   points after you have heard all of the evidence before you

       6   begin your deliberations.  And as in the prior proceedings,

       7   you will have a special verdict form to assist you and my

       8   final and definitive instructions, which will be in writing

       9   and available to you during your deliberations.

      10            Thank you for your continued patience and attention.

      11            We will proceed now with the government's opening

      12   statement.

      13            MR. GARCIA:  Thank you, Judge.

      14            Good morning.  I would like to begin today by talking

      15   to you about three dates, three dates in the life of this

      16   defendant, Khalfan Khamis Mohamed.

      17            The first date we will talk about is a date you are

      18   very familiar with, August 7th, 1998, the date of the horrific

      19   bombing of the U.S. embassy in Dar es Salaam Tanzania, a

      20   bombing that killed 11 people, shattered 11 families, and

      21   changed countless lives forever.

      22            This defendant Khalfan Mohamed rode partway to the

      23   embassy in the bomb truck that morning, and then he jumped out

      24   and he went back to the bomb factory, where he had helped to

      25   mix the bomb and load the bomb into the truck.  And he waited,

                                                                    7447

       1   he waited nervously, watching the television, trying to see

       2   news of the bombing.

       3            And he prayed.  He prayed for the suicide driver of

       4   that truck, the man who had pushed the button on the dashboard

       5   and detonated the explosive -- not for the innocent victims

       6   who would be killed.  And finally, that morning he saw news on

       7   the television of the bombing, watched those reports, and he

       8   was happy.  He said he was very happy.

       9            That was Khalfan Mohamed on August 7th, 1998.

      10            And the next date I would like to talk to you about

      11   is a date that you also heard about during the guilt phase of

      12   this trial, and that's October 5th, 1999, more than a year

      13   after the bombing, when Khalfan Mohamed was caught in South

      14   Africa, caught in South Africa where he had run, where he had

      15   fled, after he cleaned out that bomb factory back in Dar es

      16   Salaam.

      17            And on October 5th, Khalfan Mohamed talks to the FBI

      18   agents and he shows no remorse for his horrific crimes.  No

      19   remorse, although it's a year later and he has had time to

      20   learn that the 11 victims of his crime were Tanzanians.  They

      21   were his countrymen.  They were mostly Muslims.  He's had time

      22   to learn all that, and he shows no remorse.  He killed five

      23   security guards, a gardener, a water truck driver, and he has

      24   no remorse.

      25            He's not sorry.  In fact, he is making statements

                                                                    7448

       1   about doing it again.  Khalfan Mohamed told the FBI that if he

       2   hadn't been caught in South Africa, they would have done it

       3   again.  He would have participated in more bombings to kill

       4   Americans.  And he said more than that.  He said if he was

       5   released, he would participate in more bombings and that he

       6   would help to kill Americans.

       7            And he said that he hoped, he hoped, now that he was

       8   caught, that others would carry on.  And he said that he would

       9   carry on, he would still carry on if he could.

      10            That was on October 5th, 1999.

      11            And someone hearing that back then might have

      12   thought, well, that's just bluster, that's just big talk from

      13   a man who's been caught after murdering 11 people, it isn't

      14   real.  They would want to believe, they would want to believe

      15   that Khalfan Mohamed, after he was caught and arrested and put

      16   inside a prison in the United States, safely locked away,

      17   would be stopped.

      18            Now let's talk about the third date, and this is a

      19   date you haven't heard about in this guilt phase.  This is

      20   November 1st, 2000.  And this is a very significant date in

      21   the penalty phase.  It's one year after this defendant has

      22   been caught, it's two years after he committed this horrific

      23   bombing, and he's now lodged in prison here in downtown New

      24   York, sharing a cell with Mamdouh Salim, a man that you heard

      25   about in the guilt phase of this trial.

                                                                    7449

       1            And this cell is on the 10 South unit of the MCC, the

       2   maximum security wing.  And the defendant and Salim are

       3   getting ready for trial, and you will hear that the guard on

       4   duty that day, on November 1st, on the 10 South unit, was

       5   Officer Louis Pepe.  And Officer Pepe brought Salim out of his

       6   cell that morning and took him to a meeting with his attorney

       7   so that Salim could prepare for trial.

       8            And you will hear that Officer Pepe treated the

       9   inmates on 10 South with respect and even with kindness.  And

      10   that day, Salim made an excuse to Officer Pepe to have him

      11   take him back to the cell he shared with Khalfan Mohamed in

      12   the back of that 10 South unit.  He lured him back to that

      13   cell where this defendant was waiting.  Officer Pepe opened

      14   the door, stepped in, and was viciously attacked.

      15            You will hear when other officers finally got to

      16   Officer Pepe, other officers who were also attacked by Salim

      17   and this defendant, they found that Officer Pepe had been

      18   stabbed in the eye with a comb that had been sharpened into a

      19   bayonet.  And you will hear that that comb, that knife, that

      20   combed turned into a knife, shredded Officer Pepe's eye and

      21   traveled three inches into his brain, maiming him and causing

      22   debilitating brain damage.  He will never recover to what he

      23   was.

      24            Those were not idle threats made back in October of

      25   1999.  It wasn't bluster.  This defendant threatened to do it

                                                                    7450

       1   again, and he then participated in a murderous attack on

       2   Officer Pepe, an attack that came two years after the bombing

       3   and one year after he was caught and placed in prison.

       4            You will hear the details of this attack during this

       5   penalty phase.  When you must decide the penalty for this

       6   defendant, Khalfan Mohamed, and as Judge Sand instructed you

       7   at the guilt phase, you must individually consider each

       8   defendant, each count, view them separately, consider them

       9   separately and decide them separately.  That's the law and

      10   that's critical to giving each defendant and the government a

      11   fair trial.  And you must do the same in arriving at the

      12   appropriate sentence for each defendant who is convicted of a

      13   count that carries a death penalty.  Justice for each

      14   defendant for the crimes and for the victims of those crimes

      15   requires no less.

      16            Throughout this trial you have carefully considered

      17   the evidence and you have engaged in meticulous deliberations.

      18   Now, the government is confident that you will consider the

      19   evidence here with an open mind at the penalty phase, where

      20   you decide the appropriate penalty for this defendant.  And we

      21   submit to you that when you have heard all of that evidence,

      22   when you have considered all of that evidence and what it

      23   means, none of you will have any doubt that the right

      24   sentence, the appropriate sentence, and the just sentence for

      25   this defendant is the death penalty.

                                                                    7451

       1            So what generally will the evidence be at this phase?

       2   Well, this morning I would like to talk to you about two

       3   aggravating factors:  Victim impact evidence and future

       4   dangerousness.

       5            Victim impact:  As you might be expecting, you will

       6   hear from some of the many victims of the defendant's

       7   terrorist bombing in Dar es Salaam on August 7th.  This will

       8   be, and it should be, painful testimony for you to witness,

       9   but because you will be hearing about pain, pain that this

      10   defendant caused that day when the bomb went off in Dar es

      11   Salaam, it created horror and it created terror.

      12            Eleven lives were taken, eleven families were

      13   shattered that day, and you must take that into account.  You

      14   must take that impact of the defendant's horrific crimes into

      15   account, the devastation he happily wrought on the victims of

      16   this bombing in Dar es Salaam and weigh that.  That is his

      17   responsibility, what happened in Dar es Salaam, and it's your

      18   responsibility to consider it, to weigh it as you decide the

      19   appropriate sentence for this defendant.

      20            And let's talk now about some of the testimony you

      21   will hear starting today from this witness stand.  You will

      22   hear testimony of survivors from the bombing, Patricia Wagner,

      23   who was inside this building when the defendant's bomb ripped

      24   through it.  You will hear her testify.

      25            You will hear from relatives of those that were

                                                                    7452

       1   killed by this defendant.  At the guilt phase, you heard from

       2   a guard Edward Ruthashewra.  He was a security guard working

       3   in the front of the embassy, and on the morning of August 7th,

       4   he decided to take a break at about 10:00 and the guard that

       5   relieved him was Omar Nyumbu.

       6            Mr. Ruthashewra went behind the embassy to take his

       7   break and the bomb went off, and he ran back in front of

       8   embassy and he found Mr. Nyumbu lying on the ground, badly

       9   injured.  Mr. Nyumbu asked him, please take me over to the

      10   shade.  And you heard in the guilt phase that Mr. Nyumbu died,

      11   he did not survive his injuries.

      12            This is an exhibit, the actual identification card

      13   that Mr. Nyumbu was wearing that day in Dar es Salaam when he

      14   was on duty in front of the embassy when he was killed.  He

      15   was 21 years old.

      16            At this phase, you will hear from Mr. Nyumbu's wife,

      17   Asha, and she will tell you what Mr. Nyumbu was like, what he

      18   was like as a husband, what he was like as a father.  And you

      19   will hear that he had just been promoted at the embassy.  You

      20   will hear details of his life, and you will hear that Asha, on

      21   the morning hours of August 8th, was preparing food to bring

      22   to her husband in the hospital when she heard that he had

      23   died, that she would never see him again.

      24            And you will hear from this witness stand the

      25   testimony of Judith Mwila, whose husband, Abbas, was also a

                                                                    7453

       1   security guard at the embassy.  The defendant killed five

       2   security guards that day.  And you will hear that Abbas had

       3   three young children, that he was disciplined, he was a quiet

       4   man, and that his mother had died when he was young in age.

       5   And you will hear that Abbas then worked, he worked hard, he

       6   worked at the embassy, he worked to support his family.

       7            And you will hear about a water truck driver named

       8   Shamte Ndange, and that this water truck driver, Mr. Shamte

       9   Ndange, had six children.  And you will hear details about his

      10   life, his accomplishments, how he had received a certificate

      11   for completing English studies.

      12            And you will hear details of the other lives that

      13   were lost that day on August 7th, 1998, when the bomb went off

      14   after that truck left a Uhuru Road, where the defendant jumped

      15   out and continued on to the embassy in Dar es Salaam, that at

      16   the embassy in Dar es Salaam, the guards were outside at their

      17   post, a water truck driver and a gardener were working.

      18            And you will see and you will feel the impact of that

      19   bombing and you will learn about the pain this defendant

      20   caused those families.  And listen to that pain and suffering,

      21   listen about the 11 victims and what they will not get to do,

      22   listen and remember what the innocent victims lost that day,

      23   the day the defendant killed them.  And remember that if you

      24   hear about this defendant's background, this defendant's

      25   family and this defendant's life, remember the lives he ended,

                                                                    7454

       1   the lives of the children that will now grow up without a

       2   mother or a father.

       3            And you are going to hear a great deal at this

       4   penalty phase about future dangerousness, because the

       5   government is going to prove to you beyond any doubt that this

       6   defendant poses a future danger, a very real danger to anyone

       7   he comes in contact with, to the lives and safety of others.

       8   And part of the government's proof on this factor, the future

       9   dangerousness factor, is going to be the attack on Officer

      10   Pepe at the Metropolitan Correctional Center.

      11            It is important that you understand how that proof

      12   fits in at this phase.  It's being offered to show you that

      13   this defendant, who would commit mass murder on August 7th,

      14   1998 in Dar es Salaam, who would say that he would do it

      15   again, and who participated in an attack on an officer inside

      16   prison, where the officer was maimed and suffered brain

      17   damage, that this defendant is a danger to anyone he would

      18   come in contact with.

      19            As part of the proof of that, you are going to hear

      20   how this defendant shared a cell, cell number 6, at the

      21   Metropolitan Correctional Center with Salim in the back of the

      22   high security unit.  And you will learn that on November 1st,

      23   2000, one year after being brought to the United States to

      24   stand trial, he struck again.

      25            Salim lured Officer Pepe back to that cell and they

                                                                    7455

       1   attacked him, they attacked him with that homemade knife that

       2   was driven into the officer's eye with such force that it

       3   shattered the bone and back of the eye socket and went deep

       4   into his brain.

       5            You will hear how officers responded to a silent

       6   alarm that was inside Officer Pepe's radio, and when they

       7   reached 10 South, they went through the door and they saw

       8   blood on the floor, blood on the walls, going back to this

       9   defendant's cell.  And they followed that blood into the back

      10   of the unit, and as they rounded the last corner to get to

      11   that cell, to get to Officer Pepe, you will hear that this

      12   defendant jumped out at them and attacked them, struggled and

      13   fought with them.  And as he was doing that, his cellmate,

      14   Salim, came out of the cell and attacked those officers as

      15   well.  And it wasn't until they could subdue and restrain

      16   Khalfan Mohamed and Salim that they could get to the stricken

      17   officer.

      18            And you are going to learn something very important.

      19   You are going to learn that this wasn't a sudden attack,

      20   something done out of rage.  This was part of a well planned

      21   hostage-taking plan, a plan that was going to be put in motion

      22   by the attack on Officer Pepe.

      23            And you will learn that in various ways.  You will

      24   learn that through notes that were seized from the cell in a

      25   search that was done after the attack, and I would like to

                                                                    7456

       1   read to you one of those notes.

       2            "We are the Muslims who were falsely accused of

       3   bombing the embassy in Africa.  We have captured the tenth

       4   floor in MCC and we have several lawyers and officials.  They

       5   are under our full control.  We were forced to resort to this

       6   solution after we were deprived of our legal rights.  We

       7   request the immediate release of," there's a blank, "and send

       8   them outside the U.S.  If the government worries about the

       9   safety of its citizens, it has to comply with all our demands.

      10   Otherwise, it will be responsible for any consequences."

      11            That note was found in this defendant's cell that he

      12   shared with Salim.  There are other notes that were found in

      13   there, notes detailing the plan to take over the maximum

      14   security wing at the MCC, notes that listed arming and

      15   preparing for hunting, notes about informing all of the plan

      16   and its steps, notes about the division of labor and

      17   role-sharing, and notes about what the plan was about --

      18   luring the guard, taking hostages, negotiations, demands --

      19   notes about the physical layout of the unit, including the

      20   electricity, including the keys, and notes about killing.  One

      21   note stated "causing the utmost injury to human lives."

      22            After the savage attack on Officer Pepe when he had

      23   been brought to the hospital and was undergoing hours of brain

      24   surgery, agents searched the floor and searched the cell.

      25   They found those notes.  They also found another weapon -- a

                                                                    7457

       1   brush that had also been sharpened into a knife, and that

       2   weapon was covered with Officer Pepe's blood, another weapon

       3   used in the attack.

       4            Now you are going to hear something about cameras,

       5   cameras and monitors on the 10 South floor, and you are going

       6   to hear there is no tape of this attack.  And that's true.

       7   There is no videotape.  And there are two reasons for that:

       8            One, the MCC, prior to this attack, there was no

       9   procedure for making tapes, changing tapes, or storing tapes.

      10   So the tapes were not changed, they were not made, and the

      11   tapes in those machines are from the day before and late the

      12   previous evening.

      13            And second, you are going to learn that Salim and

      14   Khalfan Mohamed were aware of the taping system.  Notes in the

      15   cell prove that.  One note read, "The video and stopping it.

      16   It may not exist."  So they believed there was no taping going

      17   on, but they were going to make sure there was no tape.  So

      18   they took a precaution.  The camera inside Cell 6 was blocked.

      19   A piece of paper was put over the camera lens so they made

      20   sure there would never, in any case, be a recording.

      21            And you are going to hear evidence that will show you

      22   and to make clear that this was not Salim acting alone, that

      23   this was not Salim enraged in stabbing a guard, that this was

      24   a plan.  And it was a plan, and the evidence will be that

      25   Khalfan Mohamed was right there with Salim, a full

                                                                    7458

       1   participant.  You will see that from the crime scene, you will

       2   see that from the forensic evidence, and you will see that

       3   from the way both of those inmates attacked the guards who

       4   came to Officer Pepe's aid.

       5            That is some of what you will hear at this penalty

       6   phase about Khalfan Mohamed, a killer who said he would kill

       7   again.  He said he would kill again if he could, and he almost

       8   did.  And Officer Pepe nearly paid with his life, a life that

       9   will never be the same.

      10            You will learn that it was only through the

      11   courageous acts of Officer Pepe and the other staff who

      12   responded to the alarm that hostages weren't taken on 10

      13   South, that more blood wasn't spilled on 10 South, and more

      14   killings didn't happen on November 1st, 2000.

      15            Khalfan Mohamed committed murder and said he would do

      16   it again if he could.  He joined Salim in a vicious attack on

      17   Officer Pepe.  Officer Pepe paid the price.  The only penalty

      18   that does justice for this defendant for his murder of 11

      19   innocent people on August 7th, 1998 is the death penalty, and

      20   that is the only penalty that will stop him from doing it

      21   again and that will avoid putting more innocent lives at risk.

      22            Thank you very much.

      23            THE COURT:  Thank you, Mr. Garcia.  We'll take a

      24   brief recess.

      25            MR. RUHNKE:  How long, your Honor?

                                                                    7459

       1            THE COURT:  Five minutes.

       2            (Recess)

       3            (In open court; jury not present)

       4            MR. RUHNKE:  Your Honor, I object to Mr. Garcia's

       5   comments in the opening about the death penalty being

       6   appropriate as justice for victims, implying that the victims

       7   all want a death penalty and see that as something that will

       8   do justice for them.

       9            What I would ask your Honor to do is instruct the

      10   jury that the fact that people are testifying in this case as

      11   victims simply means they are bringing evidence for the jury

      12   to consider, and the jury should not infer by the fact that

      13   they are testifying that they want Mr. Khalfan Mohamed

      14   sentenced to death.

      15            THE COURT:  I think that is argument that you are

      16   free to make, but I don't think it is appropriate that I

      17   instruct them.  I don't know what their views are with respect

      18   to the death penalty as to K.K. Mohamed, nor do I think it is

      19   appropriate that they express those views.

      20            Denied.

      21            MR. RUHNKE:  I'm ready to proceed otherwise.

      22            THE COURT:  You are ready to proceed?

      23            MR. RUHNKE:  Yes.

      24            THE COURT:  Very well.

      25            (Jury present)

                                                                    7460

       1            THE COURT:  Mr. Ruhnke.

       2            MR. RUHNKE:  Thank you, your Honor.

       3            Ladies and gentlemen, good morning.

       4            THE JURY:  Good morning.

       5            MR. RUHNKE:  If you still don't remember my name, I'm

       6   David Ruhnke.  I represent Khalfan Mohamed with David Stern,

       7   who is with me at counsel table.

       8            You will remember in February when we started this

       9   process, as I reminded you in the past, it was snowing

      10   outside, there was a wind howling through the courtroom.

      11   Today it's going to be 90 degrees.  By the time you are

      12   through with your jury service, we will be in the midst of the

      13   celebration of the 225th year of our independence over the

      14   Fourth of July holiday.  And it's somehow appropriate that

      15   this case is coming at a time when we think about how this

      16   nation was founded and where we come from, because this case

      17   is a test of an American jury and the ability of an American

      18   jury to do justice, to mix justice with fairness, and to come

      19   out with a result that shows this nation to be as great a

      20   nation as we are.

      21            We are obviously all aware of the jury's decision in

      22   the first part of the case.  So, once again, you are going to

      23   be called upon to make what Judge Sand has described to you as

      24   the unique, individualized judgment about the appropriateness

      25   of sentencing another human being, that particular human being

                                                                    7461

       1   to death.  It is a responsibility that most American jurors,

       2   thank goodness, are never asked to undertake.  To ask an

       3   American jury to do it twice, to have you folks willing to do

       4   it twice is a tribute to you.

       5            David Stern and I will work together to present what

       6   we believe is a compelling case for life over the next several

       7   weeks, next two weeks.  But in reality, all that is needed for

       8   you to return a verdict of life for Khalfan Mohamed is to

       9   doubt the necessity for death.

      10            The judge has instructed you, and will instruct you,

      11   that in order to sentence a person to death in a case like

      12   this you must be, beyond a reasonable doubt, sufficiently

      13   persuaded that the aggravating factors outweigh the mitigating

      14   factors or that the aggravating factors themselves justify

      15   imposition of a sentence of death.

      16            And we know what the term "beyond a reasonable doubt"

      17   means.  What is "sufficient"?  What is "sufficient"?  In a

      18   sense, that comes back to this concept of an individualized

      19   decision.  You know that the law does not answer the question

      20   for you as to who gets sentenced to death and who does not get

      21   sentenced to death.  The law never gives you a cookbook or

      22   arithmetic to deal with.  The law leaves it to you, and the

      23   law never requires you to impose a sentence of death.

      24            So what does "sufficiently outweigh" mean?  I suggest

      25   to you -- this is my definition, it need not be your

                                                                    7462

       1   definition -- that in order to vote for a death sentence, you

       2   have to be so sure that you are doing the right thing that you

       3   will cast a vote that will yield a termination of another

       4   human being's life.  That is how sure "sufficiently outweigh"

       5   means, and it is your individual decision.  It is not one that

       6   the law solves for you.

       7            I want to talk about future danger and I want to talk

       8   about November 1, 2000.  And while I have great respect for my

       9   adversaries from the prosecutor's office, the United States

      10   Attorney's Office, with all due respect, Mr. Garcia has taken

      11   some liberties with the facts.

      12            Mr. Garcia has conveniently combined "him," an

      13   individualism, into "them" and "they," when the evidence of

      14   who did what on November 1 in the year 2000 is far less clear

      15   than the government might try to make it out for you.

      16            Khalfan Mohamed had no knowledge that Officer Pepe

      17   was going to be attacked.  He did not participate in a plan to

      18   attack Officer Pepe.  He did nothing to attack or injure

      19   Officer Pepe.  The evidence will be he never left the area

      20   around his cell, Cell No. 6.

      21            The notes that Mr. Garcia spoke about are in Arabic,

      22   a language he barely speaks and does not read very well, but

      23   certainly does not write.  The one note that Mr. Garcia talked

      24   about, "we are the Arabs falsely accused, we have been

      25   deprived of our legal rights," is written in handwriting that

                                                                    7463

       1   is not Mr. Mohamed's handwriting.  It is in the cell.

       2            The evidence will be that Mr. Mohamed had been a

       3   prisoner in the United States for well over a year and had not

       4   caused one bit of trouble on 10 South or any other place he

       5   had been, had not given any of the guards a hard time, had not

       6   complained about his legal rights being deprived.

       7            The evidence will be that when the guards responded

       8   to 10 South, that they observed Mamdouh Mahmed Salim roaming

       9   the hallways with keys in his hands.  The evidence will be

      10   that Mamdouh Mahmed Salim had locked Officer Pepe inside Cell

      11   No. 6.  The evidence will be that Khalfan Mohamed was seated

      12   on the floor outside of Cell No. 6 and never left that spot

      13   after Salim attacked officer pep.

      14            Who is Salim?  I'm displaying a photograph of Mamdouh

      15   Mahmud Salim.  You also know him as Abu Hajer al Iraqi.  You

      16   have heard a lot of testimony about Mr. Salim.  If you wanted

      17   to find Mr. Salim today, you could go perhaps 100 yards in

      18   that direction and about three floors up and you would find

      19   him in the 10 South unit of the Metropolitan Correction

      20   Center.

      21            We know Mr. Salim was a high-ranking member of the al

      22   Qaeda organization.  We know he was a veteran of the fighting

      23   in Afghanistan.  We know about Mr. Salim, Abu Hajer al Iraqui,

      24   that he was the one who issued the religious opinion that it

      25   was correct under Islamic law to kill innocent people, if

                                                                    7464

       1   necessary, in defense of Islam, because if the innocent people

       2   were truly innocent, they would go straight to paradise, and

       3   if they were not truly innocent, there was no evil in their

       4   demise.

       5            Mamdouh Salim is the person that al Qaeda turned to

       6   when they wanted someone to purchase nuclear weapons.  When al

       7   Qaeda was prepared to spend a million and a half dollars for

       8   the components of nuclear weapons, they turned to the man who

       9   is on this screen.

      10            Something you don't know about Mr. Salim is that he

      11   is a very physically powerful man, a tall and strong man.

      12   Something the government didn't tell you about Mr. Salim is

      13   that in the days and the months and the weeks preceding the

      14   attack on Officer Pepe on 10 South, Mr. Salim had become

      15   increasingly angry, increasingly complaining about his legal

      16   rights being violated, unhappy with the lawyers who were

      17   representing him, shouting out in court to points where the

      18   judge was required to order him to sit down, in essence,

      19   remain silent in court, complaining and angry.

      20            You will hear evidence that even after what occurred

      21   on 10 South on November 1, 2000, Salim carried on his roar,

      22   because even as Salim was being medically treated, he managed

      23   so hide and take possession of a needle that had been used in

      24   his treatments, an IV-type needle.  What he was going to do

      25   with it, we don't know, but he took it and hid it.

                                                                    7465

       1            He has been separately charged and indicted with the

       2   attempted murder for the attempted murder of Officer Pepe.

       3   You need to know this:  Through his attorneys, he has placed

       4   the court and the government on notice that he will defend the

       5   charge of attempted murder on the grounds that he was mentally

       6   ill at the time that the assault took place.  This is Abu

       7   Hajer al Iraqui.

       8            On the day in question -- when I talk about

       9   Mr. Garcia playing fast and loose with the facts, this is what

      10   I mean.  He told you that Officer Pepe went back to the cell,

      11   the door was opened, and he was attacked.  He doesn't know

      12   that to be true and no one knows that to be true.  In fact,

      13   the responding officers believe that Officer Pepe was attacked

      14   as he was escorting Salim back to his cell.

      15            You will see in evidence a diagram of what 10 South

      16   looks like.  10 South is a high security unit.  Unfortunately,

      17   it was not treated as a high security unit.  I will tell you

      18   more about that in a moment.

      19            What you will see is that 10 South is a U-shaped unit

      20   that has a total of six cells, just six cells on it; that the

      21   cell doors are solid metal with small windows in them.  You

      22   will see that there's an opening in the doors, a food slot,

      23   something that's about this high, about this wide, something

      24   that a tray perhaps could fit through.  You will learn a lot

      25   about what the security actually was on 10 South on November

                                                                    7466

       1   1st and what it should have been.

       2            On November 1, 2000, at about 10:30 in the morning,

       3   Salim received a visit from two of his attorneys, a gentleman

       4   named Paul McAllister and another gentleman named Charles

       5   Adler.  At the same time that that was going on, Mr. El

       6   Hage -- obviously you know Mr. El Hage -- was himself having a

       7   meeting with his attorneys, and his attorneys were both

       8   present on 10 South, Joshua Dratel and Sam Schmidt, who you

       9   know from the trial.

      10            Here is how things are supposed to happen when

      11   attorneys visit or other visits occur, and it references back

      12   to the food slot that I talked to you about.

      13            First, prisoners at this particular time were

      14   double-celled, which means that there was two prisoners in

      15   each cell; that the prisoners in each cell rotated.  There was

      16   a rotation.  Mr. Mohamed had never been in a cell with

      17   Mr. Salim previously and, to his everlasting bad fortune, five

      18   days before this attack occurred, he was rotated into the cell

      19   with Mr. Salim.

      20            What is supposed to happen when there is an attorney

      21   visit, at least as it existed then, was that attorneys were

      22   allowed then, before November 1, to have what are called

      23   contact visits with your client, which simply means that, for

      24   example, Mr. Mohamed and I would be permitted to meet in an

      25   open room, obviously locked door, across a table.  Mr. Mohamed

                                                                    7467

       1   would not be handcuffed, and that would be the circumstances

       2   of the meeting.  However, the way this worked, in order to

       3   maintain security, here is how Mr. Mohamed, or any other

       4   prisoner, would be brought to that attorney meeting:

       5            The guard on duty, and hopefully it would be more

       6   than one guard -- it is now -- would go to the cell of the

       7   inmate:  You have an attorney visit.  The inmate would then do

       8   the following:

       9            The officer would unlock this food slot.  Again, it's

      10   a relatively small thing.  You will see photographs and you

      11   will have a clear idea of what it looks like.  An inmate was

      12   then required to back up to the food slot, place his hands

      13   through the foods slot and be handcuffed from behind, and

      14   then, once he was handcuffed from behind, then the door would

      15   be opened and the inmate would be brought into, for example,

      16   the attorney room that I have described.

      17            Now, the attorney room that I have described also has

      18   one of these food-type slot openings in it, and what would

      19   occur is that the officer would open the door to the attorney

      20   room, lock the door to the attorney room so both attorneys

      21   would be in there and now the defendant is in the room, and

      22   then the defendant would back up to the door and the handcuffs

      23   would be removed.  And so he would be in a lock, secure

      24   facility, and at all times when he was in contact with the

      25   officer, he would have been handcuffed from behind.

                                                                    7468

       1            The same thing happened, as you can probably imagine,

       2   at the end of the meetings, which would be that at the

       3   conclusion of the meeting, the client would back up to the

       4   door, be handcuffed, allow himself to be handcuffed from

       5   behind, and at that point the door would be opened so the

       6   attorneys could leave and the client would be escorted back to

       7   his cell, where, once he was locked in his cell, the handcuffs

       8   would be removed in exactly the same procedure that I have

       9   been describing.

      10            Officer Pepe was often left alone on 10 South, the

      11   only officer in charge of 10 South.  On the day in question,

      12   he made a mistake and he did not cuff Salim.  What occurred is

      13   that -- you have to recall the situation.  He had been taken

      14   out of his cell for an attorney visit.  To all knowledge, he

      15   was cuffed just as in the manner that I have described to you,

      16   taken to an attorney room.

      17            Now, the way this particular attorney room was set up

      18   is that you will see from the diagram that there are two large

      19   areas on 10 South which are designated recreation, but they

      20   are basically large rooms, perhaps as large as the rectangle

      21   that I'm drawing here.  They are designated recreation, but in

      22   fact they were often used mostly for meetings, and there would

      23   be a foldable picnic-type portable table in there and some

      24   plastic chairs and it would be used for meetings.

      25            There were also other visiting facilities which

                                                                    7469

       1   consisted of two areas, each accessible by a locked door, each

       2   with those kind of food slots with a security screen in

       3   between, a stiff metal screen -- not something you could have

       4   in your house, but a stiff metal security screen that you

       5   could see through holes in the screen but there could be no

       6   contact between.

       7            On the particular day at 10 South, there was a

       8   computer set up in one of those rooms, one side of that

       9   visiting area, so that people who were preparing their case

      10   who had to look at computerized discovery or other kinds of

      11   documents could use the computer to look at it.  We're moving

      12   to a digital age where not everything is on paper any longer.

      13   People would look at it.

      14            On the day in question, Salim was taken from his

      15   cell, locked into the computer side of the separated visiting

      16   room, while his two attorneys were on the other side.  And

      17   Salim was doing something with the computer, said, in sum and

      18   substance, I need to get some more materials from my cell.

      19   And Officer Pepe took him out without handcuffing him and

      20   walked him back towards his cell, and that is when the attack

      21   on Mr. Pepe, Officer Pepe, took place.

      22            You will find that, in terms of what happened

      23   afterwards, the following:  Officer Pepe's body alarm went

      24   off.  The officers carry an alarm so that if there is a

      25   problem, if they are knocked down, there is an alarm that

                                                                    7470

       1   sounds throughout the institution.  And it is a call to action

       2   of the highest magnitude within a prison.  It means an officer

       3   is down and there's some problem.

       4            They tried to raise Officer Pepe on his radio and he

       5   would not respond to radio calls.  They tried to call 10 South

       6   and there was no answer on 10 South.

       7            And then what happened is that the way 10 South is

       8   set up is that you walk into a very secure area called 9

       9   South, you walk up a half a flight of stairs, there is a

      10   locked door with a window, there is a vestibule area between

      11   the next locked door, it is maybe six or eight feet.  The way

      12   the security was set up is that only the officer on the inside

      13   of 10 South would have the key to open the inside door.  The

      14   outside door could be opened via radio call by some kind of

      15   central control.

      16            Well, the extra key or the emergency key could not be

      17   immediately located by the officers.  So we have this

      18   situation where they are trying to get onto 10 South and they

      19   can't get there and they can't find the key.  It takes five to

      20   ten minutes before the key is brought up.

      21            The officers rushed 10 South.  They come charging

      22   down the hallway, and Khalfan Mohamed fought back.  I don't

      23   deny that and I don't argue against that.  I ask that you look

      24   at the situation as he saw it.  Salim had just got finished

      25   attacking Pepe.  The officers were charging down at him and he

                                                                    7471

       1   fought back, probably in an effort, he thought, to save his

       2   life.

       3            It is a tragedy that there is no video.  I mean, it's

       4   a tragedy for Mr. Mohamed, I suggest, that there is no video

       5   of what took place on 10 South because there is now no way,

       6   short of what one human being says about one thing and another

       7   human being recalls about another thing, to reconstruct

       8   exactly what happened on 10 South.

       9            The guards responded, were responding to an emergency

      10   situation.  I can never tell you how I would respond if there

      11   were -- how I would respond if I were in their shoes and

      12   responded to what they responded to and seeing what they saw,

      13   but we do have evidence, you will hear evidence that there was

      14   at least some overreaction by some of the guards, physical

      15   force used over and above what was necessary to subdue

      16   Mr. Mohamed and Mr. Salim.

      17            Very specifically, Mr. McAllister and Mr. Adler, from

      18   where they were sitting in that attorney room, locked in, will

      19   tell you the following:  That while they were there -- and

      20   they did not know what was going on, they are locked in this

      21   room -- they saw Pepe walk Salim back to Cell No. 6, to the

      22   far rear unit, and then nothing happened.  Salim didn't come

      23   back.  They didn't see Officer Pepe again.

      24            From their vantage point inside this interview room,

      25   they could see, however, video monitors under the officers

                                                                    7472

       1   station desk at front and could see, for example, on 9 South,

       2   that unit a half-step, a half-floor down, that there was a lot

       3   of activity going on.

       4            They couldn't figure out what was going on, but they

       5   could see guards gathering and very excited and very upset.

       6   And when they next saw Salim -- this was their client at that

       7   time -- when they next saw Salim, they saw the following:

       8   They saw officers drag Salim back into the front of the unit;

       9   they saw that Salim was unconscious, unresisting.

      10            One of the attorneys believed he was dead.  Obviously

      11   he wasn't dead, but he thought he was dead.  And while Salim

      12   was down, unresisting, unconscious, one of the officers in

      13   question took a metal object of some kind, whether it's a key

      14   or what it was, and jammed it almost into Salim's eye.  Blood

      15   spurted.  It was like a fountain of blood.

      16            That is what the attorneys witnessed.  Nobody

      17   witnessed what occurred back on Cell 6.  However, I would like

      18   to display for you photographs 103 through 106.

      19            This is a photograph of Khalfan Mohamed taken on

      20   November 6.  It was taken five days after the events on 10

      21   South.  The injuries suffered by Mr. Mohamed are nothing

      22   compared to what happened to Officer Pepe, but they include a

      23   fractured nose and they include a fractured eye socket.  If

      24   you look at Mr. Mohamed's eyes, somebody fractured his eye

      25   socket.

                                                                    7473

       1            And there is no video.  The government has taken upon

       2   itself to explain to you why there is no video that remains on

       3   10 South.  I suggest to you that the officers who responded,

       4   just as they told the attorneys who were in the attorney room,

       5   told them turn around, don't look.  Turn around, don't look,

       6   as they told the attorneys.  They did not want to see what

       7   they were doing to Salim; that there is a reason or there may

       8   be a reason or that it is at very least suspicious or it is at

       9   very least a failure of proof.

      10            And perhaps that is the kindest, most non-accusatory

      11   way to say it -- that there is a failure of proof as to what

      12   occurred in the rear of 10 South and how these injuries

      13   occurred.  And whether the officers perceive of themselves now

      14   as having to justify the injuries received by Mr. Mohamed, as

      15   I say, Pepe paid a price that makes this appear to be nothing.

      16   But he paid the price, and the injuries he received were not

      17   at the hands of this man, they were at the hands of Mamdouh

      18   Mahmud Salim.

      19            He has nothing to do, Khalfan Mohamed, nothing to do

      20   with this horrible assault.  The government has taken it upon

      21   itself to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he poses a

      22   future danger and it uses as a component of that proof this

      23   assault.

      24            But let me not leave it there.  No matter what you

      25   do, no matter what you find as to what occurred or did not

                                                                    7474

       1   occur on 10 South on November 1, 2000, the United States

       2   Bureau of Prisons will make its own assessment as to whether

       3   or not Khalfan Mohamed poses a danger in the future and will

       4   have steps and will take steps and has available to it steps

       5   to make certain that there is no further risk.  No matter what

       6   you find, no matter what you find, they are going to take

       7   their own view of it.

       8            There are simple steps that can be taken, and they

       9   can be taken on 10 South.  And you will hear experts and

      10   witnesses describe these.  They can be taken on 10 South.

      11   They can be taken on virtually any institution that the Bureau

      12   of Prisons maintains all around the United States, steps as

      13   simple as never leaving one officer in charge of a group of

      14   high security inmates.

      15            The current situation on 10 South is that

      16   Mr. Mohamed, and everyone else on 10 South, goes through --

      17   first of all, everybody is back to being single-celled, by

      18   themselves, goes through this procedure that I described to

      19   you even to be moved the ten or fifteen steps for an attorney

      20   visit, but does it only under the supervision of at least

      21   three officers, including a lieutenant.

      22            Where there are numbers, the tendency to relax

      23   procedures, and where there is a superior officer, the

      24   tendency to relax procedures is diminished.  And the Bureau of

      25   Prisons -- you have heard reference to the SAM, the Special

                                                                    7475

       1   Administrative Measure that was introduced in the current

       2   case -- I'm sorry, the prior penalty phase.  There is also

       3   something that you should know about and need to know about

       4   called a control unit.

       5            The Bureau of Prisons has available to it and has

       6   procedures spelled out for housing inmates that the Bureau of

       7   Prisons determines -- never mind what you determine -- the

       8   Bureau of Prisons determines would pose a risk to other

       9   individuals, staff, inmates, or anybody else, and the primary

      10   criteria, the primary reason people are sent to a control unit

      11   is that they have acted violently while in less restrictive

      12   conditions.

      13            Whatever you decide, I suggest that the Bureau of

      14   Prisons is going to send Mr. Mohamed to a control unit, and

      15   there is only one control unit in the United States.  It is

      16   located in a facility called Florence, a United States

      17   penitentiary facility referred to as the Ad Max, which stands

      18   for administrative maximum.

      19            It is the most secure prison and the most

      20   safety-conscious prison in the entire Bureau of Prisons

      21   system.  It has only been in operation for six or seven years.

      22   It is sometimes referred to as the Alcatraz of the Rockies.

      23   It's in a remote area of Florence, Colorado.  We will be

      24   putting on evidence to you of what these conditions are like

      25   in a control unit or in what's called the Ad Max unit and how

                                                                    7476

       1   inmates are handled and how exposure to staff and other people

       2   is absolutely minimized.

       3            But these are steps that can be taken in any prison.

       4   We will show you that after the events of November 1, the

       5   horrible events of November 1, Mr. Mohamed was taken out of

       6   the prison in the Metropolitan Correctional Center behind us

       7   and taken to a facility in Otisville, New York.  The facility

       8   in Otisville, New York is not even a maximum security

       9   facility, but they set it up inside for him.

      10            And we have for you and will play for you videotapes,

      11   at least one videotape, that was prepared by Otisville to

      12   document the kind of security that they put into place with

      13   regard to Mr. Mohamed, how he is moved from place to place.

      14   It's a procedure that can be put in place in any penitentiary

      15   in the United States.  It is essentially this three-man hold

      16   that I described to you, that a person moves only with three

      17   people around them at all times; that they are shackled at the

      18   feet with chains; that they are searched thoroughly before

      19   coming out of the cell; that they are chained at the waist;

      20   that the handcuffs are looped through the chain at the

      21   waist -- it's called a belly chain or a Martin chain

      22   sometimes; that sometimes what is called a black box is used

      23   on handcuffs.  The handcuff has chains on it.  A black box

      24   is -- a small black metal box that covers the chains is locked

      25   over the chains so that there is not even this kind of

                                                                    7477

       1   movement available; you can only move there.  And as you will

       2   see from the video, that is how Mr. Mohamed is moved around.

       3            Before someone says that, well, I must be blaming the

       4   victim for what happened in this case, I do not.  Somebody

       5   will say, well, he's blaming MCC for letting Officer Pepe be

       6   there all by himself.  And I'm not.  I blame Mamdouh Mahmed

       7   Salim for what happened to Officer Pepe on November 1, 2000.

       8            Let's talk about the alternative to death.  Let's

       9   talk about prison.  Let's talk for a moment about life in

      10   prison.  You will see lots and lots of photographs of what a

      11   prison cell looks like as part and parcel of this particular

      12   case.  Most prison cells are maybe eight feet by ten feet,

      13   roughly a triangle, rectangle that I'm drawing or outlining

      14   now.

      15            I want you to think for a moment of life in a prison,

      16   life in a room that size for the rest of your life, for every

      17   day of the rest of your life.  But back up a little bit.

      18   Think about a moderately nice motel room, a Holiday Inn

      19   somewhere, a Days Inn somewhere, and think of yourself being

      20   put into this relatively nice motel room by yourself one

      21   morning and saying, well, here you are and you're going to be

      22   here forever.  This is going to be your home for the rest of

      23   your life.

      24            Well, you have the T.V. to look at and you have some

      25   reading to do, but day after day, even being locked in a nice

                                                                    7478

       1   motel room, it is that loss of freedom that is the punishment.

       2   It is the loss of freedom that drives people to kill

       3   themselves in prisons.  It's that loss of human contact, of

       4   being part of any kind of a society.

       5            Now, instead of the Holiday Inn room, imagine that

       6   one day the manager of the Holiday Inn comes and says, I'm

       7   sorry, we know you're enjoying this large room, but we're

       8   going to have to move you into the bathroom and that's where

       9   you're going to have to stay.  But, don't worry, we're going

      10   to move a bunk in there and you will have a toilet in there.

      11   And I hope you don't mind that there is a camera on you every

      12   day, and I hope you don't mind that people are watching every

      13   intimate detail of your life, and I hope you don't mind that

      14   you're not going to be able to make phone calls when you want,

      15   and if you do make a phone call, we're going to listen and

      16   tape record it and we're going to read every letter that you

      17   get and every letter that you send.

      18            It is punishment.  It is punishment.  And it is

      19   punishment because of choices, choices that Mr. Mohamed made

      20   himself.  Nobody has brought this on him.  We are not blaming

      21   someone else for the fact that here, in the year 2000,

      22   somebody who once had a life in front of him has nothing in

      23   front of him except prison or death in prison.

      24            I mean, in a real sense, Mr. Mohamed knows something

      25   today that none of us know, and what he knows today that none

                                                                    7479

       1   of us know is where he is going to die.  He is going to die in

       2   a United States penitentiary.  The only question is when, and

       3   the only question is whether he dies as a result of age or the

       4   ravages of time, a disease, or when God's calls him to die, or

       5   whether he dies as a result of 12 votes from a jury in New

       6   York City in the spring and summer of the year 2001.

       7            A final word on future dangerousness:  What the

       8   government says that Mr. Mohamed did on November 1 is not a

       9   capital crime.  I mean, Mr. Salim does not face the death

      10   penalty because of what he did on Officer Pepe.  Officer Pepe

      11   did not die.  He was horribly injured, but we don't have the

      12   death penalty for people who do not kill.

      13            But what the government is saying is this -- and

      14   understand fully what they are saying:  What they are saying

      15   is, since we can't figure out a way to confine him in a way

      16   that is not a risk some day to somebody, as some kind of final

      17   guarantee, you people should vote that he be killed.  That's

      18   what it's there for.  That's what the government is asking you

      19   to do.  That's why that information has come before you.

      20            I want to talk a bit about the case in mitigation,

      21   and I want to begin by displaying a chronology that we

      22   displayed in the original summation.  I will not go through

      23   this in long detail.  You have seen this document before.

      24            It takes Khalfan Mohamed through his birth in 1973.

      25   While he is six years old, the mujahadeen come into existence.

                                                                    7480

       1   And you saw during Mr. al-'Owhali's penalty phase that video

       2   called "The Koran and the Kalashnikov," I think it was called,

       3   that documented the rise of the mujahadeen and the fact that

       4   it was our government, our Central Intelligence Agency, our

       5   CIA which supported and funded and armed the mujahadeen.

       6            You will note that in 1990 he moved to Dar es Salaam

       7   to live and work with his brother, Mohamed, and began to

       8   undertake the first real religious education that he had ever

       9   done.  He began to attend a mosque in the Ilala section of Dar

      10   es Salaam.

      11            This is a photograph of the mosque in Ilala in Dar es

      12   Salaam that Mr. Mohamed began to attend at age 17, where he

      13   began to learn a brand of Islam that has brought him here

      14   today.

      15            Let's look, also, at photo 7, which is another view

      16   of the same mosque.

      17            All right, if we may return to the chronology.

      18            As we go through 1994, 1994 was a key year.  He meets

      19   people.  He begins to discuss more and more the concept of

      20   radical Islam and he goes to training in Afghanistan in 1994.

      21            He thought he might go there to help the people in

      22   Bosnia.  You have heard a little bit about Bosnia and what was

      23   happening in Bosnia Herzegovina.

      24            If we could switch and display map 8, it's a map of

      25   the Mediterranean area, North Africa, and you see right across

                                                                    7481

       1   Italy, across the Adriatic Sea, Bosnia, Herzegovina, former

       2   portion of the Yugoslavia-Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, when

       3   those nations broke up in the wake of the dissolution of the

       4   Soviet Union, hundreds-of-year-old ethnic rivalries and

       5   hatreds came back to the surface.  And what happened in Bosnia

       6   to the Muslim people has been described to you by witnesses,

       7   at least one witness in this case, as genocide.

       8            We will present further evidence on what was going on

       9   in Bosnia and what was in the mind of Khalfan Mohamed in 1994.

      10   Entire villages of men and boys were marched out of Muslim

      11   areas in Bosnia, never to be seen again, although mass graves

      12   still to this day continue to be uncovered all over this area

      13   of Bosnia.

      14            The leaders of these crimes have been indicted for

      15   international war crimes.  They do not face the death penalty,

      16   but they have been indicted for war crimes in international

      17   tribunals.

      18            In Bosnia and Herzegovina, for the first time rape

      19   was recognized as a war crime because it was used as an

      20   instrument of war, where Serbian neighbors raped Bosnian

      21   neighbors in the name of ethnic cleansing so that the two

      22   could never, ever live side by side.

      23            This is what is fulminating in the Muslim world in

      24   1994.  It is not fiction.  It is not propaganda.  It is,

      25   unfortunately, the truth about what happened.

                                                                    7482

       1            If we could display the document called mitigation.

       2            One of the first things that you will consider is his

       3   role in the offense, and you have heard much about his role in

       4   the offense -- that he was not a leader or an organizer of the

       5   conspiracy which led to the bombing of the Dar es Salaam

       6   embassy or, indeed, the larger conspiracy.

       7            Think of the number of people who were involved and

       8   think of the money and the experts and the material and

       9   logistics, all that had to be accomplished in order for that

      10   to happen.  And in that overall grand scheme of things, he was

      11   obviously not a leader.  He was obviously not an organizer.

      12   He was not even particularly skilled.  No expert talent of his

      13   was brought to bear.

      14            Now, I want to say something more about the leaders

      15   and the organizers and the other people who have been charged.

      16   There are literally dozens of people who will be named and

      17   established for you throughout the trial who played roles in

      18   this offense who will not face the death penalty.

      19            Some of them, obviously, you know about firsthand,

      20   directly:

      21            Mohamed Sadeek Odeh found guilty by you of 213 counts

      22   of murder in Nairobi never faced the death penalty.

      23            Wadih El Hage never faced the death penalty, despite

      24   your finding him guilty of the conspiracy to kill Americans

      25   everywhere in the world, despite the fact that he was the key

                                                                    7483

       1   organizer of the Nairobi cell of al Qaeda which carried out

       2   both of these bombings.

       3            Mr. al-'Owhali does not face the death penalty

       4   anymore, although he did, because by your verdict he is not

       5   facing, he cannot ever face a sentence of death.

       6            We will present evidence of other individuals.

       7            I want to talk to you about extradition and the

       8   concept of extradition.  Mr. Salim was extradited from

       9   Germany.  He was extradited from Germany on condition that the

      10   United States Government could not expose him to a death

      11   sentence.

      12            The government has stipulated in the first penalty

      13   proceeding, it will undoubtedly so stipulate in this penalty

      14   proceeding, that there are defendants presently undergoing

      15   extradition proceedings in the United Kingdom who do not face

      16   a death penalty because the United Kingdom will not extradite

      17   people to any country unless assurances are given by the

      18   government that that person will not face a sentence of death.

      19            You will hear evidence in this case about other

      20   people who have entered into cooperation agreements with the

      21   United States or who, you may infer, and I will argue that you

      22   can infer, have entered into cooperation agreements with the

      23   United States.

      24            There will be a stipulation between the government

      25   and the defense that there is a member of al Qaeda who in the

                                                                    7484

       1   past five years has pled guilty to a conspiracy to kill

       2   Americans anywhere in the world, and that he has an

       3   arrangement with the government by which his sentence can be

       4   anything from zero to life.

       5            I want to talk specifically about another individual,

       6   and that is Ali Mohamed.

       7            If we could have that photograph.

       8            Ali Mohamed, you remember discussion of Ali Mohamed.

       9   You may remember particularly in summing up to you Mr. Karas

      10   described Ali Mohamed in the following words:  "Ali Mohamed

      11   lurks in the background of this entire conspiracy."  Lurks in

      12   the background of this entire conspiracy.

      13            Ali Mohamed, a naturalized American citizen, a man

      14   with two bachelors degrees and a master's degree, born in

      15   Egypt, served in the Egyptian army, served as an instructor

      16   for the special forces at Ft. Bragg in South Carolina.

      17            You may recall arguments made to you about Mr. El

      18   Hage as an American, it was argued to you; he was asked to

      19   choose between his country and al Qaeda, and he repeatedly

      20   chose al Qaeda.  It now appears that Mr. Mohamed, Ali Mohamed,

      21   is in exactly that same position -- that he repeatedly was

      22   asked to choose between his country, America, and al Qaeda,

      23   and repeatedly chose al Qaeda, except now there has been a

      24   change and the change is it now appears that the United States

      25   has chosen Mr. Mohamed as one of their cooperating witnesses.

                                                                    7485

       1            I ask you to make that inference.  I do not say that

       2   the United States confirms that that is the case, but I'm

       3   going to ask you to make the inference that this man is

       4   cooperating with the United States under circumstances by

       5   which he could some day not only not face the death penalty

       6   and not face a sentence of life imprisonment, but some day

       7   walk free.  Ali Mohamed walking the street of America again

       8   because of a deal with the government.

       9            I'm going to read for you, and you will have this

      10   document in evidence, but I'm going to read to you from a

      11   statement that Ali Mohamed gave in the course of pleading

      12   guilty to five counts of international conspiracy and

      13   terrorism on October 20, 2000.

      14            I'm just going to start reading:

      15            "Your Honor, in the early 1980s I became involved

      16   with the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization.  In the early

      17   1990s, I was introduced to al Qaeda -- al Qaeda is the

      18   organization headed by Usama Bin Laden -- through my

      19   involvement with the Egyptian Islamic Jihad.

      20            "In 1992, I conducted military and basic explosives

      21   training for al Qaeda in Afghanistan.  Among the people I

      22   trained were Harun Fadhl and Abu Jihad.  I also conducted

      23   intelligence training for al Qaeda.  I taught my trainees how

      24   to create cell structures that could be used for operations.

      25            "In 1991, I helped transport Usama Bin Laden from

                                                                    7486

       1   Afghanistan to the Sudan.

       2            "When I engaged in these activities and the others

       3   that I am about to describe, I understood that I was working

       4   with al Qaeda, Bin Laden, Abu Hafs, Abu Ubaidah, and that al

       5   Qaeda had a shura council, which included Abu Hajer al Iraqui.

       6            "In the early 1990s, I assisted al Qaeda in creating

       7   a presence in Nairobi, Kenya.  I understood that I was working

       8   with al" -- I'm sorry.  Repeat that.

       9            "In the early 1990s, I assisted al Qaeda in creating

      10   a presence in Nairobi, Kenya and worked with several others on

      11   this project.  Abu Ubaidah was in charge of al Qaeda in

      12   Nairobi until he drowned.  Khalid al-Fawwaz set up al Qaeda's

      13   office in Nairobi.  A car business was set up to create

      14   income.  Wadih El Hage created a charity organization that

      15   would help provide al Qaeda members with identity documents.

      16   I personally helped El Hage by making labels in his home in

      17   Nairobi.  I personally met Abu Ubaidah and Abu Hafs at Wadih's

      18   house in Nairobi.

      19            "We used various code names to conceal our

      20   identities.  I used the name Jeff; El Hage used the name

      21   Norman; Ihab used the name Nawawi.

      22            "In late 1993, I was asked by Bin Laden to conduct

      23   surveillance of American, British, French and Israeli targets

      24   in Nairobi.  Among the targets I did surveillance for was the

      25   American embassy in Nairobi, the United States AID Building in

                                                                    7487

       1   Nairobi, the United States Agricultural Office Nairobi, the

       2   French Cultural Center and French Embassy in Nairobi.  These

       3   targets were selected to retaliate against the United States

       4   for its involvement in Somalia.  I took pictures, drew

       5   diagrams and wrote a report.  Khalid al-Fawwaz paid for my

       6   expenses in the photo-enlarging equipment.  He was in Nairobi

       7   at this time.

       8            "I later went to Khartoum, where my surveillance

       9   files and photographs were reviewed by Usama Bin Laden, Abu

      10   Hafs, Abu Ubaidah, and others.  Bin Laden looked at the

      11   picture of the American embassy and pointed to where a truck

      12   could go as a suicide bomber.

      13            "In 1994, Bin Laden sent me to Djibouti to do

      14   surveillance on several facilities, including French military

      15   bases and the American embassy.

      16            "In 1994, after an attempt to assassinate Bin Laden,

      17   I went to the Sudan in 1994 to train Bin Laden's bodyguards,

      18   security detail.  I trained those conducting the security of

      19   the interior of his compound, and coordinated with the

      20   Sudanese intelligence agents who were responsible for the

      21   exterior security.

      22            "In 1994, while I was in Sudan, I did surveillance

      23   training for al Qaeda.  Ihab Ali, also known as Nawawi, was

      24   one of the people I trained.  Nawawi was supposed to train

      25   others."

                                                                    7488

       1            I'm going to skip over some of this because you are

       2   going to have this all.

       3            "In late 1994, I received a phone call from an FBI

       4   agent who wanted to speak to me about the upcoming trial of

       5   United States v. Abdel Rahman" -- just parenthetically, you

       6   have heard testimony about that as he was called away from

       7   Nairobi.  "I flew back to the United States, spoke to the FBI,

       8   but didn't disclose everything that I know.

       9            "I reported on my meeting with the FBI to Abu Hafs

      10   and was told not to return to Nairobi.

      11            "In 1995, I obtained a copy of the co-conspirator

      12   list for the Abdel Rahman trial.  I sent the list to El Hage

      13   in Kenya, expecting that it would be forwarded to Bin Laden in

      14   Khartoum.

      15            "In 1996, I learned from El Hage that Abu Ubaidah had

      16   drowned.

      17            "In 1998, I received a letter from Ihab Ali.  In

      18   early January 1998, a letter said that El Hage had been

      19   interviewed by the FBI in Kenya and gave me a contact number

      20   for El Hage.  I called the number and then called someone who

      21   would pass the message to Fawwaz for Bin Laden.

      22            "After the bombing in 1998, I made plans to go to

      23   Egypt and later to Afghanistan to meet Bin Laden.  Before I

      24   could leave, I was subpoenaed to testify before the grand jury

      25   in the Southern District of New York.  I testified, told some

                                                                    7489

       1   lies, and was then arrested."

       2            And there's more, which I will not read.

       3            This is a man who may walk the streets again.  And I

       4   say to you this, and I saw to you this:  If, in the view of

       5   the United States, the justice can be served, if justice can

       6   be served by striking a deal with Ali Mohamed, if justice can

       7   be served by striking a deal with an American citizen who

       8   surveilled our embassy in Nairobi, who took the photographs to

       9   Usama Bin Laden himself and who stood there while Usama Bin

      10   Laden looked at the photographs an remarked "there's a good

      11   place for a bomb truck to go," and thereafter continued to

      12   assist the conspiracy up to and including perjury in a grand

      13   jury in 1998, leading to his arrest -- that's a long build-up

      14   from an "if," but if justice can be served by striking a deal

      15   and allow him to walk free some day, perhaps, then surely

      16   justice can be served by taking Khalfan Mohamed and putting

      17   him in a prison from which he will never walk free.  And

      18   that's one of the points of comparing the involvement of

      19   people.

      20            We'll go back to the mitigating list.

      21            It is a mitigating factor that Khalfan Mohamed gave a

      22   truthful and candid statement to the agents.  One of the

      23   things we will bring before you, which is new information to

      24   you, is that although Mr. al-'Owhali eventually gave a

      25   statement to the agents about what he knew about the bombing

                                                                    7490

       1   in Nairobi, for several days, Mr. al-'Owhali lied to the

       2   agents about who he was and what he knew and where he stood in

       3   the process.

       4            If Khalfan Mohamed is not sentenced to death, he will

       5   spend the rest of his life in a United States prison without

       6   any possibility of release.  He has no history of prior

       7   criminal behavior.

       8            If he is executed, Khalfan Mohamed's family will

       9   suffer grief and loss.  Mr. Garcia suggests to you so will the

      10   victims, and that's undeniably true, but we will try to show

      11   you some of his role.  We won't do it now, but we will through

      12   photos and maps, the kind of places he grew up in Kademni on

      13   the Island of Zanzibar in Tanzania.

      14            And the point of this, the point of this is that

      15   there has been enough killing and enough pain.  And you are

      16   allowed to consider this, to say, look, do we need to bring

      17   grief, are we substantially persuaded that we need to bring

      18   grief and loss to another family in order to somehow balance

      19   out the world?  The world is not balanced out when more pain

      20   is inflicted.  And we hope to present to you members of

      21   Mr. Mohamed's family who are, as we speak, traveling from East

      22   Africa to the United States for the sole reason of speaking to

      23   you as witnesses and telling you about their son or their

      24   brother or their loved one.

      25            But you will conclude, when you learn about

                                                                    7491

       1   Mr. Mohamed's world -- we will present testimony from a woman

       2   named Jill Miller.  Jill Miller is a trained social worker.

       3   She holds a master's degree in social work and for the past 15

       4   or 20 years has devoted her career to developing life

       5   histories, family histories in a way that is understandable

       6   and coherent in one piece to juries.

       7            You will hear from her to discuss where Khalfan

       8   Mohamed grew up, how he grew up, his education, the fact that

       9   he left school before graduating from high school, the

      10   influence in his life.  She's been to Zanzibar twice for those

      11   purposes.  You will have her testimony and you will have

      12   photographs that try to show you what that life is like, and

      13   you will be justified in concluding that between our lives and

      14   Mr. Mohamed's lives, virtually the only thing we have in

      15   common is our common thread of humanity; that our worlds are

      16   so very different and the influences are so very, very

      17   different, and it is the point of this proceeding whether even

      18   that common thread of humanity is going to be cut by you, the

      19   jury.

      20            You will hear from a psychiatrist, okay, a

      21   psychiatrist not on the issue of Mr. Mohamed's mental health.

      22   We do not, like Abu Hajer al Iraqui, contend that our actions

      23   are somehow driven or justified or excused by mental illness.

      24   Gerald Post, M.D., is a Yale-educated psychiatrist.  He is a

      25   professor of political psychology at George Washington

                                                                    7492

       1   University.

       2            But before he went to the academic world, Dr. Gerald

       3   Post spent 21 years as an analyst with the Central

       4   Intelligence Agency, studying the psychology of terrorism and

       5   how terrorist groups operate, how they recruit, and how they

       6   select those who are important members of their conspiracy and

       7   their group from those who are less important.  And he will

       8   give you the benefit of those 21 years and 25 years of

       9   research as he discusses Khalfan Mohamed.

      10            Number 7.  Khalfan Mohamed is remorseful for the

      11   deaths, injuries and other consequences of the bombing of the

      12   embassy and would not participate in such a crime in the

      13   future.  One of the things about the death penalty is that it

      14   disrespects and disregards the potential that people can

      15   change, the potential that people can say I have thought about

      16   where I have been and I have thought about where I am going,

      17   and where I have been is perhaps not the right place to have

      18   been.

      19            You will hear testimony from both Dr. Post and Jill

      20   Miller that they have discussed at great length Khalfan

      21   Mohamed's view of what occurred at the embassy in Nairobi and

      22   what occurred at the embassy in Dar es Salaam, and that the

      23   experience and how the experience of being here in court and

      24   how the experience of hearing from the victims has not changed

      25   his beliefs, not changed his core beliefs, but has changed his

                                                                    7493

       1   view of what jihad should be and should not be, and that jihad

       2   should not involve the killings of innocents, that it was

       3   wrong.  Of course he was wrong, and he never would have an

       4   opportunity to do it again, but he would not.

       5            This is always something, if he had been arrested and

       6   executed, he never would have come to this point.

       7            If he is executed, he will be seen as a martyr and

       8   exploited by others to justify future terrorist attacks.

       9   That's simply a fact.  I mean, that's just simply a fact.

      10   There is nothing I can do about it, the government can do

      11   about it, or that you can do about it except to not have him

      12   become a martyr.  You can make him disappear from the face of

      13   the earth, disappear into a prison, become socially invisible.

      14            We have discussed factor 8, sincere religious belief,

      15   and you have heard his statement and the things that

      16   influenced him.

      17            Number 11, this is something you don't know about and

      18   wouldn't have known about until this part of the case.  As a

      19   matter of law, South African law, Khalfan Mohamed should not

      20   have been released to American officials without assurances

      21   that he would not face the death penalty in the United States.

      22            You will learn, probably by stipulation or

      23   instruction from the Court, that very recently in a lawsuit

      24   brought in his name, the highest court of South Africa

      25   overruled a lower court decision, unanimously concluded that

                                                                    7494

       1   Khalfan Mohamed should not have been released to Americans

       2   without a promise -- just the same promise that the defendants

       3   in the UK are getting, the same promise that was made to

       4   Mamdouh Salim -- that he would not face a death penalty.

       5            This is almost, he facing the death penalty, it is

       6   almost arbitrary.  It is almost like being struck by

       7   lightening.  In proper proceedings but for improper

       8   application of South African law at the time by South African

       9   officials.  I add that the court I'm referring to did not

      10   criticize the Americans for taking custody of Mr. Mohamed.

      11   However, interpreting their own law and their own

      12   Constitution, the South African High Court, the highest court

      13   in South Africa, ruled that Mr. Mohamed should not have been

      14   turned over to the Americans unless it was promised that he

      15   not face the death penalty.

      16            The final things we will talk about and I will

      17   reserve talking about, Mr. Mohamed's personal characteristics.

      18   This is to tell you that you are not asked to consider

      19   executing or imprisoning a symbol or a cliche or some kind of

      20   cipher.  He is a human being with human qualities that are

      21   good, that are bad.  The choices he has made have brought him

      22   to that point where the only decision left in his life is do

      23   we kill him or do we lock him up in a prison away from society

      24   for the rest of his life.

      25            It is unique, individualized judgment, as I have

                                                                    7495

       1   said.  I'm going to close with an example.  It used to be in

       2   this country when people were executed by a firing squad that

       3   a member of the firing squad, one member, would have blanks

       4   placed in their rifle.  And the reason for that was that if it

       5   ever turned out that the person was innocent or turned out,

       6   even more importantly, that they should not have been

       7   sentenced to death, that something went wrong with the process

       8   and they should not have been executed, that the person could,

       9   any member of the squad could take the view that, well, maybe

      10   I had the blank and maybe I'm not responsible for killing this

      11   person.

      12            As you well know, all 12 of you must vote for

      13   execution if execution is to take place.  The law does not

      14   give any one of you a blank vote.  I'm asking all of you to

      15   withhold your vote for death.  I am asking all of you to treat

      16   Mr. Mohamed as a unique individual, to look into your heart,

      17   and to vote for a sentence of life imprisonment.

      18            Thank you very much.

      19            THE COURT:  Thank you, Mr. Ruhnke.

      20            We will take a five-minute recess.

      21            (Recess)

      22            (Pages 7496 through 7499 filed under seal)

      23

      24            (Continued on next page)

      25

                                                                    7496

       1            In open court; jury present)

       2            THE COURT:  We're now in the government's case.  The

       3   government may call its first witness.

       4            MR. FITZGERALD:  The government calls Patricia

       5   Wagner, WAGNER.

       6    PATRICIA JOAN WAGNER,

       7        called as a witness by the government,

       8        having been duly sworn, testified as follows:

       9            DEPUTY CLERK:  Please be seated.  Please state your

      10   full name.

      11            THE WITNESS:  Patricia Joan Wagner.

      12            DEPUTY CLERK:  Please spell your last name.

      13            THE WITNESS:  W-A-G-N-E-R.

      14            DEPUTY CLERK:  Thank you.

      15   DIRECT EXAMINATION

      16   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      17   Q.  Good afternoon, Ms. Wagner.

      18   A.  Good afternoon.

      19   Q.  If you could just keep your voice up a bit or if you could

      20   sit slightly closer to the microphone so that everyone can

      21   hear you.

      22   A.  Okay.

      23   Q.  Can you tell the jury when you first moved to Tanzania?

      24   A.  I moved to Tanzania in the summer of 1997.  My husband and

      25   I were former Peace Corps volunteers in Africa, and my husband

                                                                    7497

       1   had gotten a job with the Peace Corps as staff to supervise

       2   the teachers that were in Tanzania.  So he actually went over

       3   I believe it was in March of that year, and I waited until

       4   summertime and my children finished school and then I

       5   followed.

       6   Q.  And where did you and your husband move from when you went

       7   to Tanzania?

       8   A.  We had been living in Hawaii for a number of years.  We

       9   both were teachers there.

      10   Q.  And what did you teach and when did your husband teach?

      11   A.  I teach science, biology, chemistry, physics.  Pretty much

      12   the gamut.  My husband teaches mathematics.

      13   Q.  Once you moved to Tanzania in 1997 and joined your

      14   husband, what did you do for work?

      15   A.  The embassy has usually a small number of jobs, sometimes

      16   they're part-time, sometimes they're not, that they sort of

      17   reserve for spouses of people who are either working at the

      18   embassy or at a Peace Corps or perhaps at like USAID, part of

      19   the entire American mission.  There was an opening that came

      20   up.  It was actually a program that was being restarted.  It

      21   had not been taking place for a couple of years, and so I got

      22   a job as the security assistance officer in the embassy.

      23   Q.  And can you tell the jury what the job of security

      24   assistance officer involved?

      25   A.  Okay.  It really has nothing to do with the word

                                                                    7498

       1   "security."  Security assistance is a Department-of-State-run

       2   program which brings officers and enlisted personnel from

       3   overseas to the United States for training with our different

       4   military services.

       5   Q.  And where was your office located?

       6   A.  My office was located on the second floor.  It's a little

       7   difficult sort of to describe where it is.  You know, the

       8   embassy wasn't really one embassy.  It was really two

       9   buildings and there were two passageways from one side to the

      10   other side.  So I was not in the building that was closest to

      11   where the bomb went off, I was in the building next to that,

      12   but in the front corner.  So that the side of my office, the

      13   windows were sort of in the front of that corridor that led to

      14   the, to where the bomb went off.

      15   Q.  Is it fair to say that you worked obviously in the embassy

      16   and your husband worked in a different building?

      17   A.  That's correct.

      18   Q.  Why don't I direct your attention to the morning of August

      19   7th, 1998.  If you could tell us what you were doing shortly

      20   before 10:30 in the morning.

      21   A.  Okay.

      22   Q.  And then what happened.

      23   A.  I came in to work a little bit late that morning.  I

      24   wasn't feeling very well.  And I also noticed there weren't

      25   any parking places available where I normally parked, so I

                                                                    7499

       1   drove my car further down, hoping for a space.  And there was

       2   one right directly in front of the embassy.

       3            I went inside.  I was very busy with things, and I

       4   was actually sitting at my desk.  I was waiting for a phone

       5   call from -- someone was supposed to call me with some

       6   information, a price of a hotel room, so I could send that in

       7   an E-mail.  And I was very annoyed that this person hadn't

       8   called me.  I remember sitting there and just sort of drumming

       9   my fingers like this because I wanted them to call.

      10            And then all of a sudden I felt something was very

      11   wrong and I started to dive under my desk.  It was -- it is a

      12   very old heavy oak desk.  And I didn't even get very far, and

      13   then the bomb went off and I was flung around backwards,

      14   facing the opposite direction.  But I kept thinking I should

      15   try to get under the desk.

      16            And I could see the wall was falling.  I could see it

      17   looked like to me the ceiling was falling, so I kept trying

      18   to -- and I did, I got under the desk.  I thought that this

      19   was what it must have been like for people who were in

      20   Oklahoma City.  And I remember my head hurt and it was just,

      21   just spinning.  I mean, I was so confused.

      22            And I could hear, it sounded like a siren, but it was

      23   very, very far away.  And I kept thinking, why isn't the siren

      24   getting any closer?  And then I realized there was smoke in

      25   the room.  The windows had burst and I thought, oh, my God,

                                                                    7500

       1   the embassy must be on fire and I've got to get out of here.

       2            So I pulled myself out from under the desk, and I

       3   realized right away as I stood up, my foot hurt, and I

       4   realized I didn't have a shoe on.  So I thought, I've got to

       5   be really careful.  I'm okay, I'm really okay, and I've got to

       6   watch my foot so I don't step on anything because I'm going to

       7   have to help other people that were hurt.  So I've got to

       8   watch myself.

       9            And so I was worried about getting electrocuted from

      10   the light, and I tried to make my way around the desk because

      11   the computers had shattered and the drapes had blown down and

      12   a big bookcase fell, and there was just stuff everywhere, but

      13   I climbed over it.

      14            And my office is two offices with a secretary's

      15   office in the middle, and I went to the door and the windows

      16   had all broken, but I could see the -- it's like a lattice

      17   covering and I could see it was still there.  And I knew no

      18   one else was up in my office.  Everyone else was in a meeting

      19   upstairs.

      20            So I started pushing on the door.  It's got one of

      21   those handles that you push on.  And I kept pushing it and

      22   pushing it and I couldn't get it to open, and I started to get

      23   scared because the smoke was just pouring in.  And I thought I

      24   can't climb down, I can't get out of here because the lattice

      25   is still, the mental is still attached.

                                                                    7501

       1            And so I started using my hip.  And I kept pushing my

       2   hip and pushing my hip, and then I saw another door opened

       3   farther down the hallway and I saw some people coming out.

       4   And I pounded on the little glass section.  I started yelling

       5   so they could hear me, so they could help me to open the door.

       6   And they did.  They saw me, and with me pushing and them

       7   pulling, we got the door open.

       8            And I said, I said, what happened?  Was it a bomb?

       9   Was it a bomb that went off?  And they said, we don't know,

      10   but we're going to go outside and see.  And so one of them

      11   took my hand, and I said, I have to be really careful where I

      12   walk.

      13            And we went out a side entrance of the embassy, and

      14   then everyone ran towards the back, except the person who was

      15   holding my hand, Chip Carpenter.  And I started to go to the

      16   back and he started to go to the front.  I thought, wait a

      17   second, that's where all the smoke is coming from.  I better

      18   go over to the front and see what's happened and see if

      19   anyone's hurt there.

      20            So I ran around the corner of the building, and I ran

      21   to the front and I saw all the cars that were on fire and it

      22   was just like things were exploding and popping and banging,

      23   and the noise, and there was all the fires from the cars and

      24   all the smoke around it was so strong -- the smoke, it burned

      25   your nose.

                                                                    7502

       1            And as I came around, I saw that the tree that had

       2   been in the little courtyard had blown in front of the door

       3   and there was metal or something.  I couldn't really tell what

       4   it is.  I remember it was like some kind of weird sculpture

       5   that was blocking the door.  And I climbed over it and I got

       6   the front door.  It opened up right away.  It's a heavy door,

       7   but it opened up.

       8            And then I saw people were coming down the stairs,

       9   and so I what I did was I backed up because they all had blood

      10   and it was difficult for them to see.

      11            And as one person came out, then I went on the other

      12   side of the wood and I would help them to climb over.  And

      13   then as soon as we got over, I would take them around to the

      14   back and I would put somebody in charge of them and I would

      15   say, you, you're in charge of Cynthia, you know, you take care

      16   of her.

      17            And then I would go to -- because it was, Cynthia was

      18   the first one that came out, and I could see she still had her

      19   glasses on, but her lens was missing and it just looked like

      20   she just didn't, her eye was gone.  And she had just so much

      21   blood, so I made sure that I got someone to take care of her

      22   because we just didn't know what was happening.  She kept

      23   saying to me, I can't see anything.

      24            And then I ran right back, and I kept helping.  I saw

      25   Lizzy Slater, and her nose was all cut up.  And people were

                                                                    7503

       1   trying to like touch her nose and I was saying, no, no, no,

       2   don't pull anything out, leave it, we'll get medical help.

       3   And I took her around.

       4            I kept doing that over and over again.  And then

       5   there was no one else coming out, so I ran around the back to

       6   see if anyone had any more information, but it was so chaotic.

       7   People were crying and screaming and so many people had facial

       8   injuries, which, you know, they had so much blood on their

       9   faces.

      10            It sounded like there was a war going on, just what

      11   you see on T.V.  So I thought, I'm going to go around to the

      12   front on the other side where the -- what I now know where the

      13   bomb had gone off.  And as I ran around the side of the

      14   building, I could see the fires.  And someone came running

      15   around the side and said, don't, don't go that way, get back,

      16   get back, the petrol tank, which was right on -- the gas tank,

      17   which is right on the corner, it's going to blow up, it's

      18   going to blow.  Run.  Run.  So I ran to the back.

      19            And we just tried to figure out what was the best

      20   thing to do.  I mean, I tried to see, to do, you know, triage,

      21   to see who was the most badly hurt, who we could help right

      22   away, who looked like they were really going to need medical

      23   attention in a hospital kind of setting, you know.

      24            We didn't know if like the embassy was being attacked

      25   or -- no one really knew.  It was very, very confusing because

                                                                    7504

       1   we still had all the noises and the things kept exploding.

       2            And then a truck came over to the side of the embassy

       3   where there's, it's just bars that you can see through.  And

       4   it was the Ultimate Security Guards, and I said, we have to

       5   get some of these people to a hospital, they're badly hurt.

       6   So they found a ladder that they broke and they put it half on

       7   the outside and half on the inside, and we got -- I took

       8   Cynthia and the people, the woman whose ribs were badly hurt

       9   out and another person, and they put them in the front of the

      10   truck, a small little truck, and then I got in the back

      11   because I wanted to make sure that there was someone there

      12   with them and we went off to the hospital.

      13   Q.  During the ride to the hospital, did you talk to Cynthia

      14   at all?

      15   A.  No.  I was in the back.  I was all by myself.  I mean,

      16   they were all in the front with the driver.  I was in the back

      17   just holding on.

      18   Q.  And what happened when you got to the hospital?

      19   A.  There were a lot of people there.  They was a crowd, maybe

      20   five or six people deep around the entrance.  And I got out

      21   and I jumped around the side and I grabbed the other two women

      22   and we started to make our way through the crowd.  People were

      23   trying to say, let them through, let them through.

      24            We got in sort of a main room and they brought some

      25   stretchers out, wheeled ones, and we put Cynthia on one and

                                                                    7505

       1   wheeled her back into a side room.  And it was just, it was so

       2   chaotic.  People were in there crying and screaming and people

       3   had, were just -- had blood and they had ripped clothes and

       4   just, you know, people running through it like, again, it's

       5   like some war scene.

       6            And I got Cynthia.  Cynthia was so upset.  Her

       7   husband is the gunny, he's the head marine in the embassy and

       8   she was worried about him, but she kept saying, he's a marine

       9   and he's going to be okay.  But she was really worried about

      10   her son, because she thought her son was in the embassy, too.

      11            And I kept trying to calm her down and calm her down

      12   and tell her her son was going to be okay.  I knew her husband

      13   was okay because I had seen him.  I had seen the Marines

      14   running into the embassy, but I hadn't seen her son.  But I

      15   just, I kept telling her he was okay anyway.

      16            Then I grabbed one of the nurses because I was afraid

      17   that she had lost so much blood and the fluid from her eye and

      18   maybe had other injuries that she was going to go into shock,

      19   and I knew that that would be bad for her.  I grabbed some

      20   people and I told them that she needed help, she needed a

      21   specialist, an eye specialist.  And they said they would get

      22   someone.

      23            Sometimes people would come back.  More people kept

      24   coming in.  I just kept holding Cynthia and I kept telling her

      25   it was going to be okay, we were going to get help for her.

                                                                    7506

       1   And I saw other people from the embassy on a bench sitting

       2   there, and then I leaned, turned around, and there was a man

       3   on a stretcher in back of me.  He had a white shirt on and he

       4   was face-down, but he wasn't looking toward me, he was looking

       5   away from me.

       6            And his shirt was all white, but at the edge where

       7   the stretcher was, it was all red.  And the blood had pooled

       8   up and it was dripping onto the floor.  I wanted to help him.

       9   I put my hand on his shoulder because I didn't know what else

      10   I could do to help him.  And I just put my arm back around

      11   Cynthia.

      12   Q.  Did there come a time that day where you had to step

      13   outside to gather -- because you were not feeling well?

      14   A.  After a while, I realized I was feeling faint.  And I had

      15   been in a couple of trauma situations where I know exactly

      16   what it feels like, I know exactly what is going to happen.

      17   So I got Patricia, I told her I had to get outside, the smell

      18   of blood was so strong.  I had to go outside and put my head

      19   down for a while.  So she came over and she took over with

      20   Cynthia, and I went and I just sat on a bench and I put my

      21   head down between my knees.  And people would just come over

      22   and just put their hand on my shoulder and say (speaking in

      23   Swahili), just to make me feel better.

      24            And after a while, I felt so much better and I just

      25   sat up.  And a man came over with a wash cloth and he just

                                                                    7507

       1   started -- just because I had had my face next to Cynthia so I

       2   had blood on it and he thought I was hurt, but I said, no, no,

       3   no, no, I was okay, and he washed the blood off of my face.

       4   Q.  What did you do after that point in time?

       5   A.  When I was sitting there, I realized that I didn't know

       6   where my husband was, and I know that the Peace Corps office

       7   is not very far, but who knows where he would have been.

       8   Maybe he comes to the embassy, maybe he might have been in the

       9   embassy.

      10            So I told Patricia I couldn't stay any more, I had to

      11   go and find out what had happened to my husband.  So she said

      12   she would stay with Cynthia.  So I walked outside and there

      13   were still a lot of people out there, and I made my way

      14   through the crowd.  Some people didn't want me to leave, but I

      15   said, no, I wasn't hurt and I had to get back to the embassy

      16   because I had to find out.

      17            And so I started walking back to the embassy and I

      18   kept telling myself to be really careful, to watch where I

      19   stepped because I knew I had glass in my foot.  It was hurting

      20   and I had to be very careful.  It was hot, it was very hot on

      21   the pavement with my foot, but I just kept going.

      22            I just got this little song in my mind.  It was just

      23   like, I got to get to the embassy, I got to get to the

      24   embassy, and I just kept walking and walking.  And sometime a

      25   lot of people, a lot of people were going to the embassy.  You

                                                                    7508

       1   could see the smoke.

       2            And people would come up to me and they would take my

       3   hand and they would start talking to me in Key Swahili and

       4   then they just kept saying it wasn't them, they didn't do it.

       5   They kept saying everything was going to be okay and they

       6   would walk with me for a ways and just hold my hand.

       7   Q.  How far was it from the hospital to the embassy?

       8   A.  I'm not really sure.  I know it's a couple of miles.  It

       9   felt like it was very far.  It's not really that far.

      10   Q.  What happened when you got to the embassy?

      11   A.  There were a lot of people there.  They were putting out

      12   the fires with the fire trucks and there were the TPDF.  The

      13   army men had come and they had sort of cordoned off the

      14   embassy.  And they didn't want to let me through and I said,

      15   no, I grabbed onto one of the security guards, I said, you've

      16   got to, I've got to get in, I've got to find people, I've got

      17   to talk to someone to find out what's happened.

      18            And he took me right in.  That's when I stood there

      19   and I saw the crater and I saw the front view of what had

      20   actually happened to the embassy.  I just, I couldn't believe

      21   it.

      22            The DCM, John Lange, saw me and he came running over.

      23   He asked me if I was okay.  And we talked about what had

      24   happened.  And then he said he had a car, I believe it was the

      25   French ambassador had given him a car to use because all our

                                                                    7509

       1   cars had been destroyed, so he could take me to his house

       2   because that's where my husband would be.

       3            He didn't know what had happened.  And I went and I

       4   stood by the car, and my dress had ripped so I was like

       5   trailing just the bottom half.  Part of it was trailing behind

       6   me.  And of course I had no shoes, so I kept pulling up my

       7   dress with my hand so I could see where I was walking.

       8            And I was standing by the car, and all of a sudden

       9   this old man comes walking towards me, and he's bowed down

      10   like this and he has a rubber slipper in his hand.  It was

      11   this huge, it was like size 13 red rubber slipper that he was

      12   giving me to put to use on my foot.  And I remember my first

      13   thought was like, it's okay, I'm okay.  And then I realized he

      14   was giving me this gift, so I put it on.

      15            I got in the car with John Lange and we went to his

      16   house, and as I got out of the car I walked around the side of

      17   the car, and that's when I saw my husband was standing in the

      18   doorway of the house.  I was really happy to see him.

      19   Q.  Now --

      20            Go ahead, sorry.

      21   A.  Okay.  We just held one another.  I didn't know how bad it

      22   had been for him.  He was actually a couple of blocks away and

      23   when the bomb went off, he was in a Peace Corps vehicle.  They

      24   thought all the tires had been shot out of the vehicle or the

      25   tires had exploded or something, and they pulled over real

                                                                    7510

       1   quick and they hopped out and they were looking at the tires

       2   and all of a sudden my husband looked up and he saw the smoke.

       3   He said he knew, he knew it was the embassy right then.

       4            So he went running down the street and people were

       5   running in the opposite direction saying an airplane had

       6   crashed into the embassy.  You know, my husband was, what?

       7   And as he came around the corner, of course, he was on the

       8   side where the bomb went off, and so he had, he called back to

       9   the Peace Corps.

      10            He arranged for medical people to come because the

      11   Peace Corps has a nurse and several medical facilities and

      12   equipment.  And he kept looking and looking and looking for

      13   me.  Nobody remembered seeing me.  He just didn't know for

      14   those hours what had happened.  So it's pretty good to see him

      15   again.

      16   Q.  And over the course of the days following the bombing, did

      17   you go back to the embassy on a number of occasions?

      18   A.  I was the Department of State liaison with the FBI.  I

      19   took FBI agents around the neighborhood, into diplomatic

      20   residences, spoke to the guards in Key Swahili, explaining to

      21   them what we were doing and why we were doing this as they

      22   gathered evidence.

      23            About a month later, I was in front of the embassy

      24   and I suffered a miscarriage and I had to be medivac-ed up to

      25   Nairobi to take care of it.

                                                                    7511

       1   Q.  Is it fair to say that, without knowing what the cause is,

       2   you attribute the miscarriage to the bombing?

       3   A.  It's definitely linked in my mind.

       4   Q.  Let me show you a picture of an office, which has been

       5   marked Government Exhibit 3005 for identification.

       6            MR. FITZGERALD:  If I could display that on the

       7   screen, your Honor, if there's no objection.

       8   Q.  Can you tell the jury, if their screens are working, what

       9   is it we are see in the photograph marked 3005?

      10   A.  This is my office and this is looking toward the front of

      11   the embassy.  You can see on the left-hand side that's where

      12   the window is with the grating.

      13            We went back in.  This is the very next day.  We went

      14   back in to try to get some records and some phone numbers of

      15   people to call to help us.  And you can see my chair.  I

      16   actually picked the computer up and put it back on the desk,

      17   and you can see my chair behind the computer and then you can

      18   see on the right-hand side the, it's a concrete wall

      19   reinforced with steel rods.  Very heavy.

      20   Q.  If I could also show you and offer at this time Government

      21   Exhibit 113O, and can you tell us what the building is in the

      22   background there?

      23   A.  The building is across the street from the embassy.  It's

      24   a private residence and Jan and Calvin Connor were living in

      25   it.  We have a play group that meets every Friday afternoon.

                                                                    7512

       1   All of the children who are not yet in school meet in that

       2   group.  That's where they would have been on Friday morning,

       3   but the Connors went on vacation and so they didn't hold the

       4   play group that Friday morning.

       5   Q.  And is the hole in the ground what you recognize to be

       6   from the bomb blast that day?

       7   A.  That's correct.

       8   Q.  You mentioned a Cynthia who had her eye severely injured.

       9   Is that Cynthia Kimble?

      10   A.  That's correct.

      11   Q.  You mentioned before that she was looking for her son.  As

      12   it turned out, her son was okay?

      13   A.  Her son was fine, yes.

      14   Q.  And her husband, the marine, was okay, he survived?

      15   A.  Yes, he was.

      16   Q.  Tell us what impact the bombing has had on Cynthia since

      17   the time of the bombing.  Can you tell us what she was like

      18   before and what she is like now?

      19   A.  She was a very warm and wonderful, just very outgoing and

      20   giving person.  I mean, the job that she was taking at the

      21   embassy just fit her so well.  She was the community liaison

      22   officer and she was the one that would help people as they

      23   came to Dar es Salaam, show them around, you know, help them

      24   orient to being in a new city.  She was just so giving of

      25   herself.  She would volunteer to do anything.  I mean, she's

                                                                    7513

       1   just a very wonderful and very special person.

       2            Now it's very difficult for her.  She's very

       3   depressed over it.  Of course, she does not -- she had had

       4   some operations, but she does not have her eyesight back.

       5   Every time she looks in a mirror, she's reminded of what

       6   happened.  So she has to -- she feels like she relives it a

       7   lot.

       8   Q.  So she has the sight in one of her eyes and lost the

       9   vision in the other?

      10   A.  That's correct.

      11   Q.  And can you tell the jury what the impact of the bombing

      12   has been upon you emotionally since August 7, 1998?

      13   A.  Well, I don't sleep very well at night.  Sometimes I close

      14   my eyes and I -- the bomb goes off like that and I just sit up

      15   in bed and my husband sits up next to me and he puts his arm

      16   around me and just says, it's okay, you're safe now.

      17            I still have a lot of nightmares about the bombing.

      18   When I dream about it, I don't, I don't turn to the left to go

      19   help Cynthia, I turn right, and there's two people there.  And

      20   they are where there were two people, but I never saw them

      21   when it really happened, I only see them in my dreams.  And

      22   they're badly burned and they're bleeding, but one is still

      23   alive and so I kneel down next to him and I take his hand and

      24   I try to talk to him and tell him it will be okay.

      25            It's very hard for me to deal with anger, with strong

                                                                    7514

       1   emotions.  You can see I get emotional more easily.  I always

       2   felt that after being a Peace Corps volunteer in Africa in the

       3   1970s that I had a really good appreciation for the things

       4   that we have in this country.  I mean, I still marvel at the

       5   fact that when I turn on a light switch, the light goes on,

       6   that the water always runs out of the taps, that there's

       7   always food in the markets, because I've lived in places where

       8   that's not always so.

       9            But now I just try to do everything I can to help

      10   other people.  Sometimes I see things happening, and just from

      11   simple things like if somebody drops something in the

      12   cafeteria to, a couple weeks ago there was a woman in the

      13   grocery store and she had a small child and the baby was

      14   crying.  And she was mad and she was yelling at the baby, and

      15   I couldn't, I couldn't let that keep happening, I had to go

      16   help her because I knew how frustrated she felt.  And I know

      17   as a mother, I've had hard times like that too with my

      18   children, and I went over and just talked to her and then I,

      19   you know, started talking to the baby and got them to just

      20   ease up a little bit and get out of that anger and that

      21   frustrated place that they're in.

      22   Q.  Thank you very much.

      23            I didn't mean to cut you off.

      24   A.  It's okay.  I'm just really surprised at the depth of my

      25   sadness.  In some ways for myself, because every time I see a

                                                                    7515

       1   woman with a baby I think about my own baby.  I never really

       2   knew how difficult it was when you had a miscarriage, but I

       3   feel so sad for all the other people, Cynthia and the guards

       4   that used to greet me every day when I came in to work, that I

       5   would talk to, that I would -- they would laugh as I practiced

       6   my Key Swahili with them, and just everybody that this has in

       7   some way affected.

       8            MR. FITZGERALD:  Thank you for coming, ma'am.

       9            THE WITNESS:  You're welcome.

      10            MR. RUHNKE:  No questions, your Honor.

      11            THE COURT:  Thank you, ma'am.  You may step down.

      12            We will recess for lunch.  We'll resume at 2:15.

      13            (Luncheon recess)

      14

      15

      16

      17

      18

      19

      20

      21

      22

      23

      24

      25

                                                                    7516

       1                  A F T E R N O O N   S E S S I O N

       2                            2:15 p.m.

       3            THE COURT:  There are two matters before we bring in

       4   the jury.  Mr. Lind called chambers and wanted to know is

       5   there a schedule set for his motion to quash.

       6            What it is your pleasure?

       7            MR. RUHNKE:  If he wants to move to quash Friday.

       8            THE COURT:  Friday, all right.  Either Thursday or

       9   Monday.

      10            MR. RUHNKE:  I would suggest we do it, then,

      11   Thursday.

      12            THE COURT:  Thursday.  Okay.  Why don't we say

      13   Thursday at 9:30.

      14            You look unhappy.

      15            MR. RUHNKE:  I was just thinking the end of the day

      16   what I'm going --

      17            THE COURT:  Would it be better?  You would rather

      18   have it 4:30?

      19            MR. RUHNKE:  Yes, I think so.

      20            THE COURT:  This Thursday at 4:30.

      21            MR. RUHNKE:  Your Honor, for the record, I spoke with

      22   Mr. Lind and he, after speaking with Dr. Krascian, agreed to

      23   accept service of the subpoena.  So service is not an issue.

      24            THE COURT:  Very well.  Okay, this Thursday at 4:30.

      25            The other thing is requests to charge, and I have no

                                                                    7517

       1   objection if you take the last charge and mark it up or

       2   annotate it.

       3            MR. RUHNKE:  Yes, your Honor.

       4            THE COURT:  But can we have that Monday, noon Monday?

       5            MR. RUHNKE:  Yes.

       6            MR. FITZGERALD:  Yes.

       7            THE COURT:  All right.

       8            MR. RUHNKE:  Your Honor, we don't need to deal with

       9   it now, but I just received some Brady material.  It was too

      10   late to use it in my opening and I --

      11            THE COURT:  You didn't lack for material in your

      12   opening.

      13            MR. RUHNKE:  Pardon me?

      14            THE COURT:  You didn't lack for material in your

      15   opening.

      16            MR. GARCIA:  It is not Brady material, it's Giglio

      17   material.

      18            THE COURT:  It's Jencks -- what is it?

      19            MR. GARCIA:  It's an inconsistent statement with one

      20   of the witnesses.

      21            THE COURT:  I see.

      22            MR. RUHNKE:  Your Honor, it's Brady material.

      23            THE COURT:  Ask the jury to come in.

      24            I'm going to instruct the jury not to engage in

      25   discussions with the marshals.  This is a request of the

                                                                    7518

       1   marshals, who the jurors seem to want to discuss the case

       2   with.

       3            MR. FITZGERALD:  Your Honor, I also don't think we

       4   should preclude them from passing notes through the marshals

       5   to the Court.

       6            THE COURT:  No.  No.  No, of course.  Not to engage

       7   in oral discussions about the case with the marshals.  Any

       8   communication should be sent in writing.

       9            MR. FITZGERALD:  Thank you.

      10            THE COURT:  I have been putting pressure on him not

      11   to engage in discussions, and the jurors resist that because

      12   they are hungry to talk.

      13            Next witness is?

      14            MR. FITZGERALD:  Valentyne Katunda, and he will be

      15   using -- actually, he will have a standby interpreter.

      16            (Jury present)

      17            THE COURT:  Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.  I

      18   hate to lay another "don't" on you because there are so many

      19   "don'ts," but please don't engage in any oral discussion about

      20   the case with the marshal or the escorts.  They are instructed

      21   by me not to engage in any such conversations.  Don't put them

      22   in the middle of appearing to be unfriendly to you or to be

      23   violating one of my instructions.

      24            At the same time, I don't want to cut off

      25   communication.  And just if there is anything you want to tell

                                                                    7519

       1   me about, just in writing.

       2            The government may call its next witness.

       3            MR. FITZGERALD:  The government calls Valentyne

       4   Katunda, V-A-L-E-N-T-Y-N-E K-A-T-U-N-D-A.

       5            Your Honor, we will be using a standby interpreter in

       6   Swahili.

       7            THE COURT:  Yes.

       8            DEPUTY CLERK:  Beston Mwakaling.

       9            THE COURT:  And you have been previously sworn?

      10            THE INTERPRETER:  Yes.

      11            DEPUTY CLERK:  Please face the jury, sir, and please

      12   raise your right hand.

      13    VALENTYNE KATUNDA,

      14        called as a witness by the government,

      15        having been duly sworn, testified as follows:

      16   DIRECT EXAMINATION

      17   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      18   Q.  Good afternoon, sir.

      19   A.  Good afternoon to you.

      20   Q.  If you could just keep your voice up.  If you sit a little

      21   bit closer to the microphone and keep your voice up, this way

      22   everyone in the courtroom can hear what you have to say.

      23            Thank you.

      24   A.  Okay.

      25   Q.  Can you tell the jury what you did for work in 1998?

                                                                    7520

       1   A.  I remember it was on August 7th.

       2   Q.  What was your job in 1998?

       3   A.  1998 on 7th?

       4   Q.  Yes.  What did you do for work?

       5   A.  I was an inspector at the U.S. Embassy employed by U.S.

       6   Ultimate Security, the sub-contract.

       7   Q.  And was Ultimate Security a contractor that handled

       8   security for the American Embassy?

       9   A.  Repeat.

      10   Q.  Is Ultimate Security a company that had the contract for

      11   security at the American Embassy in Dar es Salaam?

      12   A.  Yes.

      13   Q.  And how long had you worked for Ultimate Security, how

      14   many years?

      15   A.  I was employed there 1998 by Ultimate Security, up to

      16   1998.  It's about three to four years.

      17   Q.  And had you worked at the embassy for a different company

      18   and so you started working security at the American Embassy in

      19   1990?

      20   A.  Well, I was employed at first by SSI Kims early in 1990.

      21   Q.  And do you have a brother who also worked in security at

      22   the American Embassy in Dar es Salaam?

      23   A.  I heard Dar es Salaam, that's all.

      24            Yes, my younger brother.

      25   Q.  Can you tell the jury the name of your younger brother?

                                                                    7521

       1   A.  The name of my younger brother is Edward Matthew

       2   Ruthashewra.

       3   Q.  And do you understand that Edward Matthew Ruthashewra

       4   testified at the first part of the trial?  Did your brother

       5   come and testify at an earlier part of the trial?

       6   A.  Yes, he came before here.

       7   Q.  As an inspector with Ultimate Security, did you supervise

       8   people?

       9   A.  Yes, sir, I do.

      10   Q.  And how many guards did you supervise?

      11   A.  On that day we are about 15 guards on duty.

      12   Q.  And how many shifts per day did the guards work at the

      13   embassy?

      14   A.  Two shifts.

      15   Q.  Directing your attention to August 7th, 1998, can you tell

      16   us what happened that day?

      17   A.  On the 7th of August, 1998, I was on duty as usual.  At

      18   around 10:33 hours I heard a sound like a thunder storm.

      19   After some minutes, I fell down and I was covered by concrete

      20   plus bulletproof glass for about four hours.  I was under the

      21   concrete and that.

      22   Q.  And what area around the embassy were you beneath the

      23   concrete and glass for those four hours?

      24   A.  Well, I was at the consular guard house, the main

      25   entrance.

                                                                    7522

       1   Q.  And when you were in the consular guard house, was there

       2   any other guard in that building with you just before the

       3   explosion?

       4   A.  Before it?

       5   Q.  Before, at the time of the explosion, was someone else in

       6   the same room at the consular guard house?

       7   A.  Yes.  I had one lady known as Mtendeje.

       8   Q.  And Mtendeje we can spell M-T-E-N-D-E-J-E.

       9            Can you tell us who Mtendeje was?

      10   A.  Mtendeje was at my left-hand side.

      11   Q.  And was she a security guard as well?

      12   A.  She was a guard, yes.

      13   Q.  And was there another room in the consular guard house?

      14   Was there another room in that same small structure?

      15   A.  Room what?

      16   Q.  Was there a room next door?

      17   A.  At my next office there was a control room where two

      18   guards were there, one known as Mwila, a dispatcher, and

      19   another one was there, senior inspector known as Mahundi.

      20   Q.  And so there were you and one guard were in one room and

      21   two guards were in the next room, correct?

      22   A.  Yes, please.

      23   Q.  And tell us what happened when you were buried beneath the

      24   rubble for the four hours that day?  How did you get out?

      25   A.  Well, after some hours, I made it to maintenance to get in

                                                                    7523

       1   there and help after shouting.  That's when I was assisted

       2   after four hours.

       3   Q.  And during the time you were beneath the rubble, what, if

       4   anything, did you smell?

       5   A.  Sir?

       6   Q.  What did you smell when you were buried beneath the

       7   rubble?

       8   A.  I smelled like smoke, smoke.

       9   Q.  And let me show you --

      10            MR. FITZGERALD:  And I offer, your Honor, Government

      11   Exhibit 3011, which is a chart of the embassy area as of

      12   August 7th, 1998.

      13            I would offer that and ask to display it to the jury.

      14            THE COURT:  3011 is received.  I think I also

      15   neglected to receive the previously offered photographs, 3005

      16   and 1103-O.  They are also received.

      17            (Government Exhibits 3005, 3011, and 1103-O received

      18   in evidence)

      19   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      20   Q.  Now, Mr. Katunda, is this sketch --

      21   A.  Yes.

      22   Q.  -- on your left on the screen, does that accurately depict

      23   where you were, your name in blue, Valentyne Matthew Katunda,

      24   at the time of the explosion?

      25   A.  Yes, it is.

                                                                    7524

       1   Q.  And does it also show where Mtendeje was in the same room

       2   with you?

       3   A.  Exactly, that's where she is.

       4   Q.  And the other depictions are where Mr. Mahundi and

       5   Mr. Mwila were at the time of the explosion?

       6   A.  Yes, please.

       7   Q.  Was there another guard, Elisa Paul, does that accurately

       8   depict where he was at the time of the explosion?

       9   A.  Yes, sir.

      10   Q.  Finally, is the indication for Mr. Nyumbu indicate where

      11   he was at the time of the explosion?

      12   A.  Yes, sir.

      13   Q.  And were all of these people, including yourself, employed

      14   by Ultimate Security?

      15   A.  They were employed by Ultimate Security, yes.

      16            MR. FITZGERALD:  And if I could also show a

      17   photograph, Government Exhibit 3012 and offer it at this time.

      18            THE COURT:  Received.

      19            (Government Exhibit 3012 received in evidence)

      20            MR. FITZGERALD:  And display it?

      21            THE COURT:  Yes.

      22   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      23   Q.  And Mr. Katunda, does that photograph show where each of

      24   the people, including yourself, were at or about the time of

      25   the explosion?

                                                                    7525

       1   A.  Yes, sir, that's how it was.

       2   Q.  Okay.  After you were rescued from the rubble, did you

       3   learn where Mtendeje, the guard that was in the room with you,

       4   was?

       5   A.  What?

       6            (Confers with interpreter)

       7   A.  Well, it was very difficult to understand.  After two

       8   days, that's when I was told that she passed away.

       9   Q.  And was she found at the scene?  Was she killed at the

      10   scene?

      11   A.  She was lying on my stomach.

      12   Q.  And as to the two people in the room next door,

      13   Mr. Mahundi and Mr. Mwila, were they also killed in the

      14   explosion?

      15   A.  Also were passed away.

      16   Q.  And Mr. Paul, was he also killed?

      17   A.  Yes, please, he was passed away also.

      18   Q.  And Mr. Nyumbu, was he also killed?

      19   A.  That was at the front, at the front of the embassy, passed

      20   away.

      21   Q.  Now, what happened after you were taken out from the

      22   rubble?  Where did you go?

      23   A.  What happened?

      24   Q.  What happened after other people helped you out of the

      25   rubble on August 7th?

                                                                    7526

       1            (Confers with interpreter)

       2   A.  I was sent to the hospital at the Muhimbili hospital and

       3   being admitted.

       4   Q.  And what injuries did you have at that time?

       5   A.  First of all, it was -- the first one was here.  I had,

       6   when they were trying to rescue me by the bulletproof glass,

       7   it wanted to cut me down here.  Also got another one my head,

       8   others at my -- it is over here.

       9            My left shoulder is dislocated, dislocated, including

      10   my front -- correction, including my right foot, up to now it

      11   is still cold.  When I stand for a long, it just becomes cold.

      12   Also, my backbone is not properly.

      13   Q.  And did the explosion affect your hearing?

      14   A.  What?

      15   Q.  Did the explosion affect your ability to hear, your

      16   hearing?

      17   A.  Yes, please.  My hearing is not okay.  Also, my eyes can't

      18   see well.  I can't read some of the words unless it is some

      19   out far or something like that.

      20   Q.  And are you still working?  Are you still working now?

      21   A.  I'm still working.

      22   Q.  What do you do for work?

      23   A.  I'm working because of my family.  Otherwise, if I don't

      24   work, they won't survive.  They are depending on me.  I've got

      25   five children, plus my mother who my father passed away.  So

                                                                    7527

       1   if I don't work, they won't get any assistance from anywhere.

       2   Q.  How many children do you have?

       3   A.  Five children.

       4   Q.  And do you still work as a security guard at the American

       5   Embassy?

       6   A.  Yes, please.

       7   Q.  And let me show you a picture, Government Exhibit 3025.

       8   A.  That is known as Mahundi.

       9   Q.  And is that the person who was in the room next door who

      10   was killed?

      11   A.  Yes, he was at my next door office.

      12   Q.  Okay.  Can you tell us a little bit about what Mr. Mahundi

      13   was like?

      14   A.  Mahundi was the senior inspector and he was well-educated

      15   and he was a good man.

      16   Q.  And let me show you Government Exhibit 3031.

      17            MR. FITZGERALD:  I'm sorry.  I would offer 3031, your

      18   Honor, as well as 3025.

      19            THE COURT:  Yes, received.

      20            (Government Exhibits 3031 and 3025 received in

      21   evidence)

      22   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      23   Q.  Can you tell us who is depicted in Government Exhibit

      24   3031?

      25   A.  That is Rogathi.

                                                                    7528

       1   Q.  And Rogathi, R-O-G-A-T-H-I, can you tell us who

       2   Mr. Rogathi is?

       3   A.  Rogathi was joining with the truck, water truck, with

       4   another driver known as you Ndange.

       5   Q.  So did Mr. Rogathi drive the water truck that used to go

       6   to and from the embassy?

       7   A.  What?

       8   Q.  Did Mr. Rogathi drive the water truck to and from the

       9   embassy?

      10            (Confers with interpreter)

      11   A.  No, this was not the driver.  He was not the driver.

      12   Q.  Did he work on the water truck or with the water truck?

      13   A.  He was joining with that driver was driving the truck, the

      14   water truck, but that was a helper.

      15   Q.  And let me show you one last photograph, Government

      16   Exhibit 3000.

      17            Which I would also offer, your Honor.

      18            THE COURT:  3000?

      19            MR. FITZGERALD:  3000.

      20            THE COURT:  Yes, received.

      21            (Government Exhibit 3000 received in evidence)

      22   Q.  And do you know who the security guard being carried in

      23   that photograph is?

      24   A.  That must be Nyumbu.

      25   Q.  Mr. Nyumbu?

                                                                    7529

       1   A.  Yes.  Yes.

       2   Q.  And does that look like the scene that you saw on August

       3   7th, 1998?

       4   A.  Yes, it is.

       5            MR. FITZGERALD:  I have nothing further, your Honor.

       6            MR. RUHNKE:  Nothing, your Honor.  Thank you.

       7            THE COURT:  Thank you, sir.  You may step down.

       8            (Witness excused)

       9            MR. FITZGERALD:  The government calls Dr. Dalmas

      10   Dominicus, D-O-M-I-N-I-C-U-S.

      11    DALMAS DOMINICUS,

      12        called as a witness by the government,

      13        having been duly sworn, testified as follows:

      14   DIRECT EXAMINATION

      15   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      16   Q.  Doctor, if you could just keep your voice up and if you

      17   sit a little bit closer to the microphone, it might be easier

      18   for everyone to hear you.

      19            Can you tell the jury where you work as a doctor?

      20   A.  I'm a doctor, medical doctor, working with the Muhimbili

      21   Medical Center, which is situated in Dar es Salaam.

      22   Q.  And the Muhimbili, could you spell that for us?

      23   A.  M-U-H-I-M-B-I-L-I, Muhimbili.

      24   Q.  And when did you first start working at the Muhimbili

      25   Medical Center?

                                                                    7530

       1   A.  That is 1979, May.

       2   Q.  And did there come a time when you became a head of the

       3   department of emergency medicine?

       4   A.  Yes, that was 1995.

       5   Q.  And let me direct your attention to August 7th, 1998.  Can

       6   you tell the jury what happened that morning shortly after

       7   10:30?

       8   A.  It was around 10:30, around 10 in the morning on the 7th

       9   August, 1998, when we heard an explosion like which shook most

      10   of the building in the hospital.  And some few minutes later,

      11   to be exact, that was around 10:48, a private vehicle, public

      12   vehicle arrived with the first victim, which informed us that

      13   the sounds that we heard was an explosion, a bomb blast in the

      14   American Embassy.

      15   Q.  Can you tell us how far the American Embassy is from the

      16   Muhimbili Medical Center?

      17   A.  It's about four kilometers.

      18   Q.  Can you tell us what happened after the first vehicle

      19   arrived?

      20   A.  Immediately after the first vehicle arrived, which, of

      21   course, informed the hospital that we should expect some more

      22   victim to come and the hospital emergency activated in an

      23   emergency state that we are to get prepared because we are

      24   expecting some more victims coming, because the whole

      25   building, as we were informed that it was all burning and that

                                                                    7531

       1   the expectation was to have some more victims coming in.

       2            So what the hospital did was to activate the state of

       3   emergency, alerting all the surgical wards, x-ray department,

       4   and the ICU just to get ready for the eventuality.  Some few

       5   minutes after the, later after the first arrival, some more

       6   victims started arriving in private cars, including American

       7   embassies vehicles.

       8   Q.  Does the Muhimbili Medical Center have a medical school

       9   affiliated with it nearby?

      10   A.  Yes.

      11   Q.  Did you take advantage of the doctors and nurses and staff

      12   from the medical school as well as the medical center?

      13   A.  Yes, it is a part of the emergency structure during the

      14   emergency plan that we utilize the services of the medical

      15   students, including residents and postgraduate doctors.

      16   Q.  And have you used the emergency plan before when there

      17   have been bus accidents and things like that?

      18   A.  Well, we had the emergency plan, we had it before the

      19   accident.

      20   Q.  And can you tell us approximately how many patients were

      21   treated at the Muhimbili Medical Center that day that you

      22   recall?

      23   A.  Yes.  As I can recall, we had about, in total, about 65

      24   patients, that is, we had about 40 patients who were treated

      25   and discharged, 18 patients were admitted and 7 arrived dead

                                                                    7532

       1   as the casualty.

       2   Q.  And besides the seven who when they arrived at the

       3   hospital were already dead, did several people die while in

       4   the hospital?

       5   A.  Yes, three patients died while already in the hospital.

       6   Q.  And during the time that day when you were treating the

       7   casualties, did you need to go to other facilities to get a

       8   variety of supplies, such as airway tubes and oxygen and

       9   stretchers and wheelchairs and things of that sort?

      10   A.  Yes.  Due to the magnitude of the event, we are running

      11   short of most of the supplies, including the airways, and so

      12   we asked for the assistance from other places.

      13   Q.  And did you also need to get additional IV fluid and

      14   gloves to handle the emergency?

      15   A.  Yes, we did.  We did.  We did.

      16   Q.  And during the 20 years you have worked at the Muhimbili

      17   Medical Center, did you ever see a worse crisis than what you

      18   dealt with that day?

      19   A.  No, this was the first one of its kind.

      20   Q.  And have you prepared a chart identifying as best you can

      21   the number of patients treated that day on August 7th, 1998?

      22   A.  Yes, I did.

      23   Q.  Let me approach you with what has been premarked as

      24   Government Exhibit 3010.

      25            Looking at what is before you as Government Exhibit

                                                                    7533

       1   3010, does that represent your best effort to put down on

       2   paper the different persons who were treated and released or

       3   who were treated or who died on August 7th, 1998?

       4   A.  Yes.

       5            MR. FITZGERALD:  Your Honor, I would offer Government

       6   Exhibit 3010.

       7            THE COURT:  Yes, received.

       8            (Government Exhibit 3010 received in evidence)

       9            MR. FITZGERALD:  If we could display the first page

      10   of Government Exhibit 3010.

      11   Q.  And if you look at the left-hand column that simply lists

      12   numbers in chronological order and then it says the patient's

      13   name and then the next column indicates male or female, if you

      14   could tell us under "age" what "AD" stands for?

      15   A.  The "AD" means adults.

      16   Q.  And when you had an age available on later pages, did you

      17   insert the actual age on some of the other pages where you

      18   knew the precise birth date?

      19   A.  Well, for those we didn't, we use the size to determine

      20   whether somebody was adult or a child.

      21   Q.  Okay.  And then the diagnosis, does that briefly describe

      22   what each of the -- how each of the patients were treated or

      23   what injuries they received?

      24   A.  The diagnosis was based on the injuries that the patient

      25   received.

                                                                    7534

       1   Q.  And then the remarks state what happened with the

       2   particular patient; is that correct?

       3   A.  The outcome of the.

       4   Q.  And so there are seven people listed in total on the chart

       5   who arrived at the hospital who were already dead; is that

       6   correct?

       7   A.  Yes.

       8   Q.  And then there are three people listed as dying while in

       9   the hospital, correct?

      10   A.  Yes.

      11   Q.  If we could just display the second page of 3010, and

      12   would two of the people who died in the hospital be number 35

      13   and number 36, identified at this time as "unknown male"?

      14   A.  Yes.

      15   Q.  And if we could display page 3, and if we could display

      16   page 4.

      17            And I have nothing further, Judge.

      18            MR. RUHNKE:  No questions, your Honor.

      19            THE COURT:  Thank you, Doctor.  You may step down.

      20            (Witness excused)

      21            MR. FITZGERALD:  The government calls Asha, A-S-H-A,

      22   Kambenga, K-A-M-B-E-N-G-A, and she will be using an

      23   interpreter.

      24    ASHA KAMBENGA,

      25        called as a witness by the government,

                                                                    7535

       1        having been duly sworn, testified through the

       2        interpreter as follows:

       3   DIRECT EXAMINATION

       4   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

       5   Q.  Good afternoon, ma'am.

       6   A.  I'm fine.

       7   Q.  Can you tell the jury the name of your husband?

       8   A.  Omari Nyumbu.

       9   Q.  And let me show you a photograph, which we now offer as

      10   Government Exhibit 3029, is that a picture of your husband,

      11   Omari Nyumbu?

      12   A.  Yes.

      13   Q.  And do you know approximately what year that picture was

      14   taken?

      15   A.  1998.

      16   Q.  Was your husband a security guard at the American Embassy

      17   in Dar es Salaam?

      18   A.  Yes, he worked at Ultimate.

      19   Q.  And did your husband use his brother's name, Bakari, when

      20   at work?

      21   A.  Yes, he used the young brother, Bakari Nyumbu.

      22   Q.  And your husband used that name on his I.D. card, correct?

      23   A.  Yes, he used it on his card.

      24   Q.  And can you tell the jury when you first met your husband?

      25   A.  1995.

                                                                    7536

       1   Q.  Prior to meeting Omari, did you have another husband and a

       2   daughter?

       3   A.  Yes.

       4   Q.  Did your first husband pass away?

       5   A.  Yes, he died.

       6   Q.  And how did you meet Omari?

       7   A.  We met while he was working.  I was working near to the

       8   house where he was working, also.

       9   Q.  And did there come a time when you married Omari?

      10   A.  Yes.

      11   Q.  And when was that?

      12   A.  The same year, in 1995.

      13   Q.  And after you got married, how did Omari treat your

      14   daughter?

      15   A.  He was taking care of her like his own child because he

      16   know that her father dies.  He was taking her to school,

      17   taking her to the hospital, he was doing everything for her.

      18   Q.  Did Omari provide for you and your daughter's financial

      19   support?

      20   A.  Yes.

      21   Q.  Did he also provide financial support for your parents?

      22   A.  Yes.

      23   Q.  Was he a good provider?

      24   A.  Yes.  He was helping a lot.

      25   Q.  How many days a week did he work?

                                                                    7537

       1   A.  In one week he was, he gotten off one day.

       2   Q.  And how many hours did he work each day that he worked?

       3   A.  He goes there in the morning and he leaves at 6 p.m.

       4   Q.  Did he work 12-hour shifts as far as you know?

       5   A.  Yes.

       6   Q.  How did he get to work from home?

       7   A.  He was using a bicycle.

       8   Q.  And can you tell us what your family home looked like in

       9   the summer of 1998 when you lived with Omari?

      10   A.  We was living very well and he was the one I was depending

      11   on.

      12   Q.  How rooms did you have in your house?

      13   A.  It was one room.

      14   Q.  Can you tell us what made Omari happy as a person?

      15   A.  Most of the time he just come home and listened to music.

      16   Q.  And how did he interact with your daughter?

      17   A.  He was the one who was taking my daughter to school, and

      18   when she is sick, he take her to the hospital.

      19   Q.  How old is your daughter?

      20   A.  Seven years old.

      21   Q.  Directing your attention to August 7th, 1998, can you tell

      22   us what happened that day?

      23   A.  I heard an explosion.

      24   Q.  What did you do after you heard the explosion?

      25   A.  After the explosion, we heard -- we never heard that kind

                                                                    7538

       1   of sound before in Tanzania, so then we start asking each

       2   other what happened and we start looking around, wondering

       3   around what happened, and we heard that there's an explosion

       4   in the American Embassy.

       5            After that, we decided that we have to take a car to

       6   go to American Embassy, and we went there and all the building

       7   was on fire and the cars and the people were being taken out

       8   who had been injured and the dead.  And we was not allowed to

       9   go inside the compound.  We was told to go to Muhimbili

      10   Hospital.

      11            In that time we get to Muhimbili, there was some

      12   people over there.  We couldn't go inside the rooms.  And

      13   later on, they told us, you guys, you should come tomorrow

      14   that you are going to be able to identify the people.

      15            And then we met a doctor who told us you should go in

      16   another room to find out the names of the dead and the live

      17   ones.  And we went there and the doctor told us, you know, I

      18   attended your husband, only his arm was broken so we sent him

      19   back home.

      20            I went back home, and I get there, I didn't find him.

      21   And there were so many people in my house, relatives and

      22   friends, they was asking me where he is and I told them what

      23   the doctor told me, that he told me they sent him back home,

      24   but later I realized that the doctor was lying to me.

      25            On 12 midnight, Ultimate Security guard came with the

                                                                    7539

       1   car and they came to inform me that your husband had died

       2   along the time you came to see the compound.  And after that,

       3   my life started to be miserable.

       4   Q.  And when you were told that your husband had died that

       5   evening, how did you react?

       6   A.  After I heard the news, I fell down and I lose

       7   consciousness.  They took me inside, which they keep pouring

       8   water on me and giving me some things to come back on my

       9   conscious.

      10   Q.  How old were you on August 7th, 1998?

      11   A.  I was about 22.

      12   Q.  And what has life been like for you and your daughter

      13   since the day that your husband was killed?

      14   A.  We are living in a very hard time because he was the one

      15   who was providing for the family.  He was the one helping my

      16   daughter.  I don't have even the tuition to send my daughter

      17   to go to school.  I can't afford that.  Life is so difficult,

      18   and sometime we don't even eat.

      19            MR. FITZGERALD:  I have nothing further, Judge.

      20            MR. RUHNKE:  No questions, your Honor.

      21            THE COURT:  Did you say no questions?

      22            MR. RUHNKE:  No questions.

      23            THE COURT:  Yes.  Thank you.  You may step down.

      24            (Witness excused)

      25            MR. FITZGERALD:  The government calls Henry Kessey.

                                                                    7540

       1    HENRY KESSEY,

       2        called as a witness by the government,

       3        having been duly sworn, testified as follows:

       4   DIRECT EXAMINATION

       5   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

       6   Q.  Good afternoon, Mr. Kessey.

       7   A.  Good afternoon, sir.

       8   Q.  And can you tell the jury what training you received, what

       9   schooling?  What was your career in August of 1998?  What did

      10   you do for work?

      11   A.  I was employed by American Embassy, Dar es Salaam, as a

      12   audits examiner.

      13   Q.  And do you have an accounting background?

      14   A.  I have an accounting background.  I obtained my national

      15   bookkeeping certificate conducted by Dar es Salaam School of

      16   Accountants.  I have advanced diploma in accountants from

      17   Institute of Finance Management, Dar es Salaam.

      18   Q.  And can you tell the jury when you began working for the

      19   American Embassy, what year?

      20   A.  I was employed by American Embassy on April 26th, 1996.

      21   Q.  And let me direct your attention to a particular day,

      22   August 7th, 1998.  Can you tell the jury what happened when

      23   you were at work that day?

      24   A.  I was in the place of my employment in that day, and

      25   around 10:30 to 10:35, I just walk around the hallway.  I was

                                                                    7541

       1   just moving from my office.  I want to go to another office.

       2            While I was in the hallway, suddenly I hear a huge, a

       3   huge blast.  So it was horrible.  I can't explain what kind of

       4   blast or explosive it was, but it was a huge explosion.  I

       5   just come to realize, I fall down and I feel like the whole

       6   building is coming on my head, and I was screaming for help

       7   from my colleagues.

       8   Q.  What could you see at that time?

       9   A.  Well, I couldn't see anything, but the whole building is

      10   like kind of half smoking and everything was -- and I didn't

      11   fight, really.

      12   Q.  And could you see out of your own eyes at that time?

      13   A.  No, I couldn't see with my eyes because this eyes, it was

      14   like the eye was shut down, and the left eye, I was bleeding.

      15   So the blood was just coming to the right eye, so I couldn't

      16   see anything, except when I wiped out the blood, at least I

      17   can have a little bit of sight.

      18   Q.  And did you get any help from anyone who was also in the

      19   embassy?

      20   A.  Yes.  While I was falling down and I was screaming for

      21   help and those people were coming from other office, they

      22   said, okay, Henry, let's get out of here.  I say, no, I can't

      23   move because it seems I have been badly injured.  So I asked

      24   them if they can help me to get out of the office.  So they

      25   helped me to get out of the office.

                                                                    7542

       1   Q.  And what floor were you on when the explosion happened?

       2   A.  Second floor.

       3   Q.  And do you recall how long it took you to get out of the

       4   building?

       5   A.  It took us almost between five to ten minutes until we get

       6   out of the building.

       7   Q.  And what happened when you got outside?

       8   A.  When I reach outside, some of my colleagues, after seeing

       9   me, because I was bleeding and by that time almost all of my

      10   body was full of blood, they started screaming and shouting as

      11   if everybody was screaming, saying, hey, Kessey's going to die

      12   because of the panic, and when they see I was full of blood,

      13   so they thought I was badly injured and everybody was

      14   screaming that I going to die.

      15   Q.  And what did you think at that time?

      16   A.  At that time, okay, I think it's true that I going to die

      17   because I was not sure the extent of my injuries, but I said

      18   because some other people see me and that they are the ones

      19   who cries that Kessey's going to die, maybe it could be true

      20   that I going to die soon.

      21   Q.  And did someone help you get to the hospital?

      22   A.  Yes.  I was helped by another -- my two colleagues.  They

      23   hold me on both sides and they were trying to hurry up to get

      24   me, rush me to the hospital.

      25   Q.  And what hospital did you go to?

                                                                    7543

       1   A.  I was sent to the government hospital, Muhimbili referral

       2   hospital.

       3   Q.  And what happened when you got there?

       4   A.  When I got there they have attended me.  They started to

       5   attend me.  In fact, they just concentrated on this deep cut

       6   which was inside my face.  And they put me some drops, and the

       7   other day through the investigation they come to realize my

       8   right eye was damaged so they started to do some other medical

       9   attention.

      10   Q.  How many operations were performed on your eye during the

      11   next month?

      12   A.  Two operations.  I had two operations.

      13   Q.  At Muhimbili Hospital?

      14   A.  Come again?

      15   Q.  At Muhimbili Medical Center?  You had the two operations

      16   at the Muhimbili Medical Center?

      17   A.  Yes, I had two operations at Muhimbili Hospital.

      18   Q.  How long did you stay in the hospital?

      19   A.  I stay in Muhimbili Hospital for about three weeks before

      20   I was discharged.

      21   Q.  After you were discharged, did you later have further

      22   surgery on your eye?

      23   A.  Yes.  I was -- after those two surgeries, I was discharged

      24   and being told that I can stay home maybe for eight weeks

      25   until the eye heals so that I can be sent for another surgery.

                                                                    7544

       1   Q.  And where did you go for the next surgery?

       2   A.  I went to Nairobi M.P. Shah Hospital for second lens

       3   implantation.

       4   Q.  And did you receive a cornea transplant in Nairobi?

       5   A.  Yes, sir.

       6   Q.  Which eye was that?

       7   A.  Right eye.

       8   Q.  Can you tell us how your right eye is now doing?

       9   A.  Yes, it's improving, even though I can't see a hundred

      10   percent, but it seems that something like 55 percent of the

      11   sight has gone away.

      12   Q.  And did there come a time when you returned to work?

      13   A.  Yes.

      14   Q.  How has the injuries from the bombing affected your

      15   ability to work?

      16   A.  Well, it means I'm not capable of work like I used to work

      17   before.  I have to work maybe for two hours and then I have to

      18   rest maybe for some 15 to 30 minutes before I can resume back

      19   my work.  So that is the kind of situation which I am facing

      20   up to now.  I can't work for continual like three to four

      21   hours on the paperwork or on the computer.

      22   Q.  Do you support people other than yourself financially?

      23   A.  I have my family.  My mom, my young brothers and sisters.

      24   So they, all of them, depends on me.

      25   Q.  And how many brothers do you help support?

                                                                    7545

       1   A.  I'm support my two young brothers, my three sisters, and

       2   some of their kids.

       3   Q.  Were you concerned and have you been concerned about

       4   losing your job because of your injuries?

       5   A.  Yes.  Yes.

       6   Q.  And you remained concerned about that?

       7   A.  Yes.  There is a time I was about to commit suicide

       8   because I felt that maybe because I was injured, maybe I going

       9   to lose my eye completely.  And then if I lost my eye

      10   completely, it means I will not be able to work again, and

      11   because my family depends on me, now I going to turn to be a

      12   burden to my family and I don't want that to happen.  So I was

      13   thinking of committing suicide in order to not to be a burden

      14   to my family.

      15   Q.  And despite obviously thinking about suicide, you never

      16   took any steps to carry it out, correct?

      17   A.  Yes.  Well, I got to speak to some other people, okay?

      18   They told me, no, no, you will be fine after some time.  You

      19   take it easy.  Maybe we going to help you.  Don't worry about

      20   that.  And I come to realize, yeah, well, there is no need of

      21   committing suicide.  I'm responsible to my family.  My family

      22   depends on me.  So I have to struggle, you know, in order to

      23   do that.

      24   Q.  During your time working in the embassy, did you come to

      25   know many of the other people who worked in the embassy?

                                                                    7546

       1   A.  Yes.

       2   Q.  Let me show you a picture, which I offer as Government

       3   Exhibit 3026.

       4            THE COURT:  Received.

       5            (Government Exhibit 3026 received in evidence)

       6   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

       7   Q.  Can you tell the jury who is depicted in Government

       8   Exhibit 3026?

       9   A.  I know this guy as Mohamed Abdulla, also known as Doto.

      10   Q.  And what work did he do at the embassy?

      11   A.  When I joined the embassy I was introduced as he's one of

      12   the cleaners.  There was a certain cleaning contract company

      13   which used to clean the embassy and the entire environment.

      14   So this is one of their workers.

      15   Q.  And did you come to learn that he was killed in the

      16   bombing in August 7th?

      17   A.  Yes, I do remember.  I used to talk a lot with this guy,

      18   and I remember on that day when I arrived at my place of

      19   employment, he just come in my office and he asked me if I can

      20   help him with the fare to go to Friday prayer.  So I tell him

      21   okay, when the time comes, you just come in my office and then

      22   I can give you the fare.

      23   Q.  Did you also come to know the people who worked as the

      24   security guards in and around the embassy?

      25   A.  Yes.  I come to know a lot of security guards, because

                                                                    7547

       1   every morning whenever I pass there, I used to chat with them,

       2   I used to laugh with them.  So I know many of the security

       3   guards.

       4   Q.  And did the personality of any one particular security

       5   guard stand out in your mind?

       6   A.  Most of the time I come to know there is one young lady

       7   called Mtendeje.

       8   Q.  Can you tell us what Mtendeje was like?

       9   A.  She was a nice person, always she laughed to each person.

      10   She was so kind really.

      11            MR. FITZGERALD:  Thank you for coming, sir.

      12            I have nothing further, Judge.

      13            MR. RUHNKE:  No questions, your Honor.

      14            THE COURT:  You may step down.

      15            MR. FITZGERALD:  The government calls Shabani Mtulia.

      16   SHABANI MTULIA,

      17        called as a witness by the government,

      18        having been duly sworn, testified through

      19        the interpreter as follows:

      20   DIRECT EXAMINATION

      21   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      22   Q.  Sir, good afternoon.

      23   A.  Fine.

      24   Q.  And was your wife killed in the bombing on August 7th,

      25   1998 in Dar es Salaam?

                                                                    7548

       1   A.  Yes, my wife died because of the bomb.

       2   Q.  Can you tell the jury your wife's name?

       3   A.  Mtendeje Mbegu.

       4            MR. FITZGERALD:  And I would like to offer at this

       5   time, your Honor, and display Government Exhibit 3030.

       6            THE COURT:  3030, received.

       7            (Government Exhibit 3030 received in evidence)

       8   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

       9   Q.  Sir, is that a picture of your wife Mtendeje?

      10   A.  Yes, that's her.

      11   Q.  And can you tell the jury approximately when that picture

      12   was taken?

      13   A.  1998.

      14   Q.  Can you tell us who's in the picture with your wife

      15   Mtendeje?

      16   A.  That is Saidi.

      17   Q.  And did you have any children besides Saidi?

      18   A.  I don't have another one.

      19   Q.  And can you tell the jury where your wife Mtendeje was

      20   born?

      21   A.  My wife was born in Dar es Salaam.

      22   Q.  And where did she live growing up?

      23   A.  Grew up in Dar es Salaam.

      24   Q.  And how did your wife do in school growing up?

      25   A.  She started out in primary high school and she went to

                                                                    7549

       1   secondary high school, Kibet.

       2   Q.  And did there come a time when she was given an

       3   opportunity to go away to school to learn how to become a

       4   teacher?

       5   A.  Yes, she got an opportunity to go to school, but she

       6   couldn't go because of our marriage.

       7   Q.  And when did you and Mtendeje get married, what year?

       8   A.  1989.

       9   Q.  Just so we're clear, how many children did you and

      10   Mtendeje have?

      11   A.  Two children.

      12   Q.  And what are their names?

      13   A.  The first one is Abdul, the second one is Saidi.

      14   Q.  And Saidi is the son that is depicted in the photograph,

      15   correct?

      16   A.  Yes, that's him.

      17   Q.  Can you tell the jury what your wife was like as a person?

      18   A.  She was a nice woman and she was very hard working and she

      19   was very smart to understand things.

      20   Q.  How was she as a mother?

      21   A.  She was a good mother and she was a person who worked very

      22   hard for her kids and we was able to help each other, even on

      23   money side with helping each other.

      24   Q.  And what did Mtendeje do for work?

      25   A.  She was a security guard at the embassy.

                                                                    7550

       1   Q.  And besides working as a security guard at the embassy,

       2   did she also go to school at night?

       3   A.  Yes, she was going to school to become a secretary and

       4   also on computer.

       5   Q.  And could you tell the jury a little bit about what your

       6   daily routine was, what you and Mtendeje would do each

       7   morning?

       8   A.  We left together early in the morning and we took the same

       9   bus and we reach Uhuru and Congo Street, and I get off and she

      10   continued to go to work with the same bus to Post to where she

      11   will get off and go to her routine work.

      12   Q.  And when you would share the bus and then change buses,

      13   who would take the children to school?

      14   A.  One of them was not going to school.  One of them was just

      15   a distance, walking distance from school.

      16   Q.  Did you have help with people, including her mother,

      17   taking the child to school?

      18   A.  No one was able to help us.

      19   Q.  Could you tell us what would happen in the evening at the

      20   end of the workday?  What would you do and what would she do?

      21   A.  Most of the time she was doing housework at the house, but

      22   sometime when she goes to school in the evening and at home we

      23   have a little farm for, chicken farm.

      24   Q.  And in August 1998 was your wife Mtendeje preparing to

      25   take an exam?

                                                                    7551

       1   A.  The same day she was supposed to go for an interview to

       2   become a secretary at the embassy, and also same day was

       3   supposed to take the exam to do the exam for secretaries.

       4   Q.  If we could talk about the morning of August 7th, 1998,

       5   did Mtendeje bring anything special with her as she headed off

       6   to work that day?

       7   A.  She took her certificate, also she took her Koran.

       8   Q.  And why did she take those items on August 7th?

       9   A.  She took her certificate because she have to show the

      10   certificate during the exams, and as a Muslim, she just took

      11   that Koran.

      12   Q.  And you mentioned that she was trying to have an interview

      13   for a job that day.  Can you describe the job she wanted to

      14   get?

      15   A.  She was looking for a job to become a secretary.

      16   Q.  And did she want to get a job as a secretary inside the

      17   embassy?

      18   A.  Yes, at the embassy.

      19   Q.  And can you tell us how you learned about the bombing that

      20   day?

      21   A.  That day I heard a big shake and a big explosion and I saw

      22   ambulances going, passing by very fast going to the area where

      23   this happened, and later on that time I heard that the

      24   American Embassy had been exploded.

      25   Q.  What did you do?

                                                                    7552

       1   A.  Before I received a call from my sister, I didn't know

       2   what to do, and I received this call from my sister, who told

       3   that she saw on the television that American Embassy had been

       4   bombed and that's the time I start thinking what to do.

       5   Q.  Did you go to the embassy?

       6   A.  I went to the American Embassy, but I couldn't go to the

       7   compound because the police had already been surrounded.  I

       8   couldn't enter the compound.

       9            And then I went back to Muhimbili Hospital to check

      10   if I can find her there, and I was there for a while and I

      11   look around, and I saw one car, regular car came off with some

      12   people inside and I went to look at that car and I saw my wife

      13   is dead.

      14   Q.  After you learned that your wife had been killed, how did

      15   your sons find out?

      16   A.  My Saidi was in a lot of shock and on that day they

      17   couldn't eat anything.

      18   Q.  What has life been like for you and your two sons since

      19   the day that Mtendeje was killed?

      20   A.  My life had been going like halfway because I was not

      21   getting any support from my friend.

      22            MR. FITZGERALD:  Thank you for coming, sir.  I have

      23   nothing further.

      24            MR. RUHNKE:  Nothing, your Honor.  Thank you.

      25            THE COURT:  Very well.  You may step down.  We'll

                                                                    7553

       1   take our mid-afternoon recess.

       2            (Recess)

       3            THE COURT:  Next witness is Grace Paul?

       4            MR. FITZGERALD:  Yes, your Honor.

       5            (Jury present)

       6            THE COURT:  The government may call its next witness.

       7            MR. FITZGERALD:  Yes, the government calls Grace

       8   Paul, P-A-U-L, and she will be using a Swahili interpreter,

       9   your Honor.

      10            THE COURT:  Yes.

      11    GRACE PAUL,

      12        called as a witness by the government,

      13        having been duly sworn, testified

      14        through the interpreter as follows:

      15   DIRECT EXAMINATION

      16   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      17   Q.  Good afternoon.

      18   A.  Fine.

      19   Q.  Now, ma'am, was your husband killed in the bombing on

      20   August 7th, 1998 in Tanzania?

      21   A.  Yes.

      22   Q.  Can you tell the jury your husband's name?

      23   A.  Elisa Paul.

      24   Q.  And can you tell the jury where Elisa grew up?

      25   A.  He grew up in Ampora.

                                                                    7554

       1   Q.  Is that in Tanzania?

       2   A.  Yes.

       3   Q.  And what did his parents do for a living?

       4   A.  Farmers.

       5   Q.  And when did you meet Elisa?

       6   A.  1992.

       7   Q.  When did you get married?

       8   A.  The same year, in 1992 on September.

       9   Q.  And did you have a son with Elisa?

      10   A.  I have a daughter.

      11   Q.  I'm sorry.  Can you tell us your daughter's name?

      12   A.  Merisiana.

      13   Q.  Can you tell us how old Merisiana is?

      14   A.  Seven years old.

      15   Q.  In 1998 what did your husband Elisa do for work?

      16   A.  He was a security guard at the American Embassy.

      17   Q.  Was he proud of his job?

      18   A.  Yes.

      19   Q.  Did he receive an award for the work he did?

      20   A.  Yes.

      21   Q.  Can you tell us what he received the award for, just

      22   generally?

      23   A.  He was attacked at where he was guarding with criminals.

      24   Q.  And did he help fight off the people who attacked him some

      25   years ago?

                                                                    7555

       1   A.  Yes, he was about to fight with them and he was able to

       2   manage to go to press the alarm button, which other security

       3   guards came to help him and he was beaten with stones and he

       4   was taken to the hospital and he was admitted in the hospital.

       5   Q.  Did he later receive an award for his work that day?

       6   A.  Yes.

       7   Q.  Let me show you a picture, which I offer, Government

       8   Exhibit 3023.

       9            If I may display that, your Honor?

      10            THE COURT:  Yes, received.

      11            (Government Exhibit 3023 received in evidence)

      12   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      13   Q.  Is that a picture of your husband, Elisa, Government

      14   Exhibit 3023?

      15   A.  Yes.

      16   Q.  Do you know when that photograph was taken?

      17   A.  Yes.

      18   Q.  What year?

      19   A.  1995.

      20   Q.  Do you know where that photograph was taken?

      21   A.  Yes.

      22   Q.  Where?

      23   A.  At his job.

      24   Q.  Is that at the embassy, United States Embassy, in Dar es

      25   Salaam?

                                                                    7556

       1   A.  Yes.

       2   Q.  What was Elisa like as a father?

       3   A.  He was a father who loved so much his daughter.

       4   Q.  What was he like as a husband?

       5   A.  He was able to do everything as the head of the household

       6   and as the father of the house.

       7   Q.  Let me direct your attention to August 7th, 1998.  Can you

       8   tell us, tell the jury, how you learned about the bombing?

       9   A.  He left in the morning to go to work.  It was around 11:00

      10   in the morning I heard on the radio that there was an

      11   explosion at the American Embassy.

      12   Q.  What did you do after you heard that on the radio?

      13   A.  I went to the Muhimbili Hospital to look for him and I was

      14   looking for the other people who had been injured and who

      15   died, and I looked for him until the next day I was informed

      16   that he died.

      17   Q.  And how did you react when you were told that your husband

      18   had been killed?

      19   A.  I was so much in pain and I didn't find the body until

      20   after two days.  I lost my conscious sometimes and I have, I

      21   got high blood pressure and right now I have ulcers because of

      22   that and I'm still in pain.

      23   Q.  How did you learn that your husband's body had been found?

      24   A.  I watch the television and they announce that he's dead.

      25   Q.  Let me back you up a moment.  When you went to Muhimbili

                                                                    7557

       1   Hospital, was your husband there when you went to the

       2   hospital?

       3   A.  No, he was not there.

       4   Q.  Did you then go to the embassy to find out whether or not

       5   your husband had been at work at the time of the bombing?

       6   A.  Yes, I did, I went there.

       7   Q.  And what did they tell you when you went to the embassy?

       8   A.  I was told to come the next day because we are waiting for

       9   FBI to be able to dig his body, he's underground.

      10   Q.  And then how did you learn that in fact his body had been

      11   recovered?

      12   A.  After they dig the area and they start announcing, showing

      13   the legs and the arms which they found there.

      14   Q.  And then did there come a time when you had to identify

      15   your husband by parts of his body?

      16   A.  Yes.

      17   Q.  And how did you identify him?

      18   A.  They took a slide of his young brother and his hair to be

      19   able to test if other small pieces of flesh will be his flesh

      20   of that of my husband.

      21   Q.  Is it fair to say that it was a very painful process to go

      22   through in order to identify your husband?

      23   A.  Yes.

      24   Q.  Can you tell us what the impact on you and your daughter

      25   was following your husband's death and how you have survived

                                                                    7558

       1   financially?

       2   A.  My life has been so difficult.  One main example is that

       3   my daughter, I can't afford to take her to school because I

       4   don't have no money.

       5   Q.  How old is Merisiana now?

       6   A.  Seven years old.

       7   Q.  And how old were you when your husband was killed?

       8   A.  That was about 1995.

       9   Q.  How old was your husband when he was killed?

      10   A.  32 years old.

      11   Q.  What has the emotional impact been on your daughter to not

      12   have her father Elisa around?

      13   A.  Life is so difficult.

      14   Q.  Do you have a photograph of your husband in the home?

      15   A.  Yes.

      16   Q.  How does Merisiana act around the photograph?

      17   A.  She just look at the picture and say my father is at work,

      18   he's a police officer, and sometimes she will take the

      19   picture, shows her friends and she says, look, this is my

      20   picture of my father, he's a police officer.

      21   Q.  Is it very difficult when she does that for you?

      22   A.  Yes.

      23            MR. FITZGERALD:  Thank you.  I have nothing further.

      24            MR. RUHNKE:  No questions, your Honor.

      25            THE COURT:  Thank you.  You may step down.

                                                                    7559

       1            (Witness excused)

       2            MR. FITZGERALD:  The government calls Mohamed Jelani

       3   Mohamed, and he also will use the interpreter.

       4    MOHAMED JELANI MOHAMED,

       5        called as a witness by the government,

       6        having been duly sworn, testified

       7        through the interpreter as follows:

       8   DIRECT EXAMINATION

       9   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      10   Q.  Good afternoon, sir.

      11   A.  Fine.

      12   Q.  Was your uncle killed in the bombing of the American

      13   Embassy in Dar es Salaam in August 1998?

      14   A.  Yes.

      15   Q.  Can you tell the jury your uncle's name?

      16   A.  Abdurahman.

      17   Q.  And what did you, how do you refer to him?

      18   A.  He's my uncle.

      19            MR. FITZGERALD:  I offer Government Exhibit 3022,

      20   your Honor, and ask to display it.

      21            THE COURT:  Received.

      22            (Government Exhibit 3022 received in evidence)

      23   Q.  Is that a picture of your uncle in Government Exhibit

      24   3022?

      25   A.  Yes.

                                                                    7560

       1   Q.  Who is in the picture with your uncle?

       2   A.  His wife.

       3   Q.  If you can just give us the first name of your uncle's

       4   wife?

       5   A.  Susan.

       6   Q.  Can you tell us a bit about your uncle's father and

       7   describe where your uncle grew up and what role his father

       8   played, your uncle's father, in the community?

       9   A.  His father was a teacher.

      10   Q.  And did he have a particular role in his village, your

      11   uncle's father?

      12   A.  Yes, it was the senior person in the village.

      13   Q.  And as the senior person, did he help to resolve

      14   disagreements and disputes among people in the village?

      15   A.  Yes, he was the one who was deciding.

      16   Q.  And did your uncle's father also help with traditional

      17   therapy, herbal therapy with people in the village?

      18   A.  Yes, he was helping out other treatment and all diseases,

      19   traditional diseases.

      20   Q.  Did there come a time when your uncle's father, your

      21   grandfather, died?

      22   A.  Yes.

      23   Q.  Can you tell us what year that was?

      24   A.  1995.

      25   Q.  Who stepped into your grandfather's role in the village

                                                                    7561

       1   once your grandfather passed away?

       2   A.  No one took it.

       3   Q.  What role did your uncle then play in the village after

       4   your grandfather died?

       5   A.  He took a role to help people in the village and to

       6   discuss with matters in the village.

       7   Q.  Did your uncle help resolve disagreements among people in

       8   the village?

       9   A.  Yes, he was helping to decide to resolve so many cases and

      10   he was helping people who have difficulties, problems.

      11   Q.  And what role did your uncle play in the family?

      12   A.  He was the one who was the head of the family.  He was

      13   helping everything involving our family.

      14   Q.  And did you actually, did he -- did you live with your

      15   uncle?

      16   A.  Yes.

      17   Q.  Did he raise you as if he was your father?

      18   A.  Yes, like I was his own son.

      19   Q.  What role did your uncle play at the mosque?

      20   A.  He was the one who guarded in the mosque, and anything if

      21   is missing, he is the one who correct any mistake there.

      22   Q.  And did your uncle sometimes give lectures at the mosque?

      23   A.  All the time he was preaching in the mosque.

      24   Q.  What did your uncle do for work?

      25   A.  He was a teacher.

                                                                    7562

       1   Q.  Did he also have a taxi tourism business to help support

       2   himself?

       3   A.  Yes, he have tourist company.

       4   Q.  Did he also run a small kiosk selling things?

       5   A.  Yes, he have kiosk.

       6   Q.  And what kind of sports did your uncle enjoy?

       7   A.  Soccer.

       8   Q.  Did your uncle have children?

       9   A.  Yes, he have children.

      10   Q.  How many children did your uncle have?

      11   A.  Three kids.

      12   Q.  Can you tell us their names and ages?

      13   A.  Ali, Mohamed, Ichbal.

      14   Q.  How old is Ali?

      15   A.  He's around 13 years old.

      16   Q.  How old is Ichbal?

      17   A.  Around 18 years old.

      18   Q.  And how old is Ichbal?

      19   A.  Around nine years old.

      20   Q.  And Mohamed?

      21   A.  I think about he's 13.

      22   Q.  And did those children stay with their mother from a prior

      23   marriage?

      24   A.  Yes.

      25   Q.  Did your uncle stay in touch with them and visit with them

                                                                    7563

       1   and see them on vacation?

       2   A.  Yes, he saw them every time they come for vacation and

       3   they stay with them.

       4   Q.  And how many brothers and sisters did your uncle have?

       5   A.  He have three brothers and five sisters.

       6   Q.  And do you know what your uncle was doing in the vicinity

       7   of the embassy on August 7th, 1998?

       8   A.  He went there to look for a visa.

       9   Q.  And can you just tell the jury what the impact of your

      10   uncle's death has had upon the family?

      11   A.  Our life is so different without him and it's not the same

      12   as he was there for us.

      13   Q.  What impact has your uncle's death had upon the village?

      14   A.  They are so sad, and to this time they are in big sorrow

      15   for his loss.

      16   Q.  And what impact has your uncle's death had upon you?

      17   A.  A lot of thinking.  Even today I was just thinking about

      18   him.

      19            MR. FITZGERALD:  Thank you.  I have nothing further.

      20            THE COURT:  Thank you.  You may step down.

      21            (Witness excused)

      22            MR. FITZGERALD:  The government calls Judith Mwila,

      23   M-W-I-L-A.

      24    JUDITH MWILA,

      25        called as a witness by the government,

                                                                    7564

       1        having been duly sworn, testified

       2        through the interpreter as follows:

       3   DIRECT EXAMINATION

       4   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

       5   Q.  Good afternoon, ma'am.

       6   A.  Fine, thanks.

       7   Q.  Ma'am, was your husband killed in the bombing of the

       8   American Embassy in Dar es Salaam in August 1998?

       9   A.  Yes.

      10   Q.  Can you tell the jury his name?

      11   A.  Abbas William Mwila.

      12   Q.  Can you tell the jury when you first met him?

      13   A.  1989.

      14   Q.  When did you get married?

      15   A.  1989.

      16   Q.  How many children did you have?

      17   A.  Three kids.

      18   Q.  Can you tell the jury your children's name and ages?

      19   A.  William, the first born, he's about 11 years old.  The

      20   second one is Edna Mwila, she's about eight years old.  The

      21   last one is Happiness Mwila, three years old.

      22   Q.  And how old was Happiness in August 1998?

      23   A.  Was six months old.

      24   Q.  Can you tell the jury what your husband did for work?

      25   A.  He was employed with Ultimate Security.

                                                                    7565

       1   Q.  And did your husband speak English quite well?

       2   A.  Yes.

       3   Q.  Did he use his employment as a security guard to support

       4   the family?

       5   A.  Yes.

       6   Q.  Did he also support his own father with his income?

       7   A.  Yes.

       8   Q.  Do you know how old your husband Abbas had been when his

       9   own mother died?

      10   A.  No, I don't know.

      11   Q.  Let me display a photograph --

      12            MR. FITZGERALD:  I offer a photograph, your Honor,

      13   Government Exhibit 3027.

      14            THE COURT:  Received.

      15            (Government Exhibit 3027 received in evidence)

      16   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      17   Q.  Is that a picture of your late husband, ma'am?

      18   A.  Yes.

      19   Q.  And directing your attention to 1998, can you tell the

      20   jury what the family home was like that you lived in with your

      21   husband and your three children?

      22   A.  I was living in a one-room house.

      23   Q.  How many other families lived in the same building?

      24   A.  Six.

      25   Q.  Did you have running water in the house?

                                                                    7566

       1   A.  No.

       2   Q.  Electricity?

       3   A.  No.

       4   Q.  Can you tell the jury what your husband Abbas was like as

       5   a person?

       6            (Pause)

       7   Q.  Maybe I can help.  Have you described your husband as the

       8   family fighter?

       9   A.  Yes.

      10   Q.  Did your husband basically go out every day and do what he

      11   could to help the family?

      12   A.  Yes.

      13   Q.  Did he get a number of promotions at his job as a security

      14   guard?

      15   A.  Yes.

      16   Q.  Was he also studying computer classes to try and better

      17   himself?

      18   A.  Yes.

      19   Q.  Did he love you and the family very much?

      20   A.  Yes.

      21   Q.  Let me take you just briefly back to August 7th, 1998.

      22   Can you tell the jury how you learned about the bombing?

      23   A.  I received a message around 12:00 from my friends who

      24   lived at Mwanza.

      25   Q.  What was the message?

                                                                    7567

       1   A.  I was told that the embassy had been bombed.

       2   Q.  And what did you do when you heard that?

       3   A.  He went to the embassy.

       4   Q.  And did you find your husband there?

       5   A.  No.

       6   Q.  Did you go to the hospital after that?

       7   A.  Yes, I went to Muhimbili Hospital.

       8   Q.  What happened when you went to the hospital?

       9   A.  We stayed there until 4 p.m. and they told us to go home,

      10   to come the next day.

      11   Q.  What happened then?

      12   A.  I went home.  I didn't find him.

      13   Q.  How did you learn your husband had been killed?

      14   A.  We went back to the hospital and I learned from another

      15   guy, another guy who supported me there, and one of the

      16   gentleman was -- he knew that my husband is dead and he's the

      17   second one of the names of the dead people.

      18   Q.  Can you tell the jury what life has been like for you and

      19   your children since your husband was killed?

      20   A.  Our life is so miserable.  He's the one who we was

      21   depending on him.  He was the one who was working.

      22   Q.  Can you send your children to school?

      23   A.  Yes.  Sometimes they come back because there's no tuition.

      24   They have been sent by the school back to my home to ask for

      25   the tuition.

                                                                    7568

       1   Q.  And how do you get money each month?

       2   A.  I have a room which I'm renting which I'm getting about

       3   Tanzania shillings, 20,000 shillings, which help us to

       4   survive.

       5   Q.  Is that the income you rely upon each month?

       6   A.  Yes.

       7   Q.  Is that roughly $25 per month?

       8   A.  Yes.

       9   Q.  Can you tell us about the emotional impact upon you and

      10   your children for the death of your husband?

      11   A.  Our life is so difficult because the same amount of money

      12   as I mentioned before, that's to feed ourselves, and I'm

      13   having difficulty to pay tuition for the kids and also I have

      14   my father-in-law who lives with us and also depends on the

      15   same amount of money.

      16   Q.  What has the emotional impact been on you?

      17   A.  I've been demoralized.

      18   Q.  And how about the children?

      19   A.  Even my children, the same.

      20   Q.  Do they ever talk about their father now?

      21   A.  Yes, they remember, they remember him often.

      22   Q.  What do they say about him?

      23   A.  They remember him because he was the one who was bringing

      24   gifts for them more often.  Now they remember anytime they see

      25   their neighbors kids, they receive gifts from their parents,

                                                                    7569

       1   they always remember their father.

       2            MR. FITZGERALD:  Thank you for coming, ma'am.

       3   Nothing further.

       4            MR. RUHNKE:  No questions.

       5            THE COURT:  Thank you.  You may step down.

       6            (Witness excused)

       7            MR. FITZGERALD:  The government calls Hanuni Ndange.

       8   HANUNI NDANGE,

       9        called as a witness by the government,

      10        having been duly sworn, testified

      11        through the interpreter as follows:

      12   DIRECT EXAMINATION

      13   BY MR. FITZGERALD:

      14   Q.  Good afternoon, ma'am.

      15   A.  Fine, thanks.

      16   Q.  Ma'am, was your husband killed in the bombing of the

      17   American Embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on August 7th,

      18   1998?

      19   A.  Yes, my husband was killed.

      20   Q.  Can you tell the jury your husband's name?

      21   A.  Yusufu Shamte Ndange.

      22   Q.  Yusufu Shamte Ndange.

      23            MR. FITZGERALD:  And your Honor, I would offer

      24   Government Exhibit 3028, a photograph.

      25            THE COURT:  Received.

                                                                    7570

       1            (Government Exhibits 3028 received in evidence)

       2            MR. FITZGERALD:  If we could display Government

       3   Exhibit 3028.

       4   Q.  Ma'am, is that a picture of your husband Yusufu?

       5   A.  Yes.

       6   Q.  Can you tell the jury where your husband grew up?

       7   A.  He grew up in Orfage (phonetic).

       8   Q.  Is that part of the coastal region in Tanzania?

       9   A.  Yes.

      10   Q.  And did his mother die at a young age, your husband's?

      11   A.  Yes.

      12   Q.  When did you meet your husband?

      13   A.  I met my husband since 1970.

      14   Q.  When did you get married?

      15   A.  I was married in 1972 by Gmoya (phonetic) district.

      16   Q.  And did you and your husband have children?

      17   A.  Yes, we have children, six kids.

      18   Q.  Can you tell the jury the names and ages of your six

      19   children?

      20   A.  The first born, Abdul Yusufu, he was born 1973.  The

      21   second born is Juma Yousef.  He was born 1975.  The third one

      22   is Mwajabu Yousef, who was born 1978.  The fourth one is

      23   Ramadhani, who was born 1980.  The fifth one is Maua, who was

      24   born 1983.  The sixth one is Halima, who was born 1986,

      25   February.

                                                                    7571

       1   Q.  And they were three boys and three girls, correct?

       2   A.  Yes.

       3   Q.  Did your husband have a career in the Tanzanian military?

       4   A.  Yes.

       5   Q.  How long did he serve in the Tanzanian military?

       6   A.  He was around 25 years old.

       7   Q.  Do you know what his rank was when he retired from the

       8   military?

       9   A.  He have two stars.

      10   Q.  Did he receive some commendations for his military

      11   service?

      12   A.  Yes.

      13   Q.  Can you tell us approximately what year it was that your

      14   husband retired from the Tanzanian military?

      15   A.  1989.

      16   Q.  After he retired from the military, did he then begin

      17   working at the American Embassy in Dar es Salaam?

      18   A.  Yes.

      19   Q.  Can you tell the jury what he did for work there?

      20   A.  He was driving water truck and a diesel truck.

      21   Q.  Can you tell the jury what your husband Yusufu was like as

      22   a person?

      23   A.  He was polite.  He's a person who was, after work, he just

      24   come back home and sit at the balcony and watch T.V., and

      25   after that he started to just go inside and get some rest.

                                                                    7572

       1   Q.  How was he as a husband and a father?

       2   A.  He was the head of the house.  He was the one helping in

       3   the house.

       4   Q.  And was he good provider for the family?

       5   A.  Yes.

       6   Q.  Now let me direct your attention back to August 7th, 1998.

       7   Can you tell us what happened that day?

       8   A.  Yes, 1998, there's a bomb explosion.

       9   Q.  Where were you when you learned about the bomb exploding?

      10   A.  I was in a hospital because my sister was sick.

      11   Q.  What hospital were you at?

      12   A.  I was in the Mnara Hospital.

      13   Q.  What happened after you heard the bomb blast?

      14   A.  I didn't know what to do, but at the time I was at the

      15   hospital I saw so many cars coming with injured people.  And

      16   then I saw the plate number of American Embassy, that's the

      17   time I get a shock and I decided to go back home.  And after I

      18   got home, I decided to go to Muhimbili Hospital.

      19   Q.  And what happened when you got to Muhimbili Hospital?

      20   A.  The time I was in Muhimbili Hospital, I was just confused,

      21   I didn't know what is going on, and then I decide to go back

      22   home.

      23   Q.  Did there come a time when you sent your nephew to find

      24   out information about your husband?

      25   A.  Yes, I sent him to find out what happened in the morning.

                                                                    7573

       1   Q.  And did he come back to you?  What did you find out from

       2   your nephew?

       3   A.  When he come back, he told me unfortunately uncle is dead.

       4   Q.  Did you then have to go to identify your husband's body?

       5   A.  Yes.  There's some people came to pick me up at home to

       6   take -- I don't know where these people came from, but I

       7   remember they took me in a taxi, it's a small car, they took

       8   me to the hospital to identify my husband.  And when I get

       9   there I was able to identify my husband.

      10   Q.  What did you have to go through to identify your husband?

      11   A.  I was able to identify him through the private parts and

      12   also on top of my legs, top of here.

      13   Q.  What was the emotional impact of losing your husband upon

      14   you and your family?

      15   A.  My life is miserable.  Now I have kids who go to school

      16   and there's so many problems.

      17   Q.  Your children have jobs?

      18   A.  There's no one who has a job.

      19   Q.  And your children discuss the fact that they don't have

      20   work with you and your husband's not around?

      21   A.  Yes.

      22   Q.  Can you tell the jury some of the things your children

      23   have told you since your husband died?

      24   A.  They didn't tell me anything.

      25   Q.  Have you come home and found your children crying when you

                                                                    7574

       1   arrived there?

       2   A.  They don't cry a lot because I work so hard myself doing

       3   small businesses.

       4            MR. FITZGERALD:  Thank you, ma'am, for coming.  I

       5   have nothing further.

       6            MR. RUHNKE:  Nothing, your Honor.

       7            THE COURT:  Thank you.  You may step down.

       8            MR. FITZGERALD:  I think we could adjourn for the

       9   day.  We have one more victim witness, your Honor.  We can do

      10   that tomorrow.

      11            THE COURT:  And that will be the end of victim

      12   witness testimony?

      13            MR. FITZGERALD:  Yes, Judge.

      14            THE COURT:  One more.

      15            All right, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your

      16   patience, your cooperation.  Have a good evening.  We're

      17   adjourned until tomorrow.

      18            (Jury not present)

      19            THE COURT:  Is there anything that needs to be

      20   addressed before tomorrow?

      21            I always adjourn to 9:30.  The jury is here then.

      22   Let's start at 9:30 tomorrow.  Adjourned to 9:30 tomorrow.

      23            (Adjourned to 9:30 a.m. on June 20, 2001)

      24

      25

                                                                    7575

       1

       2                        INDEX OF EXAMINATION

       3   Witness                    D      X      RD     RX

       4   PATRICIA JOAN WAGNER....7496

       5   VALENTYNE KATUNDA.......7519

       6   DALMAS DOMINICUS........7529

       7   ASHA KAMBENGA...........7534

       8   HENRY KESSEY............7540

       9   GRACE PAUL..............7553

      10   MOHAMED JELANI MOHAMED..7559

      11   JUDITH MWILA............7563

      12                        GOVERNMENT EXHIBITS

      13   Exhibit No.                                     Received

      14    3005, 3011, and 1103-O .....................7523

      15    3012 .......................................7524

      16    3031 and 3025 ..............................7527

      17    3000 .......................................7528

      18    3010 .......................................7533

      19    3026 .......................................7546

      20    3030 .......................................7548

      21    3023 .......................................7555

      22    3022 .......................................7559

      23    3027 .......................................7565

      24    3028 .......................................7570

      25

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